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141.
L. Xu M.R. Gokhale P. Studenkov J.C. Dries C.-P. Chao D. Garbuzov S.R. Forrest 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》1997,9(5):569-571
We demonstrate a monolithically integrated 1.55-/spl mu/m wavelength InGaAsP-InP multiple-quantum-well (MQW) laser with a passive Y-branch waveguide in a vertical twin-waveguide structure. To reduce the sensitivity of the device performance characteristics to laser cavity length and variations in the layer structure, we introduce an In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As absorption, or "loss" layer. This layer eliminates the propagation of the even mode, while having minimal effect on the odd mode. The threshold current densities and differential efficiencies of the devices are unaffected by the loss layer. A record high coupling efficiency of 45% from the laser to the external passive waveguide is obtained. 相似文献
142.
Kunal M. Gokhale 《合成通讯》2020,50(9):1396-1403
AbstractIn this paper, we report one-pot, three-component cyclo condensation of an aldehyde, an amine and thioglycolic acid to form 2,3-disubstituted-thiazolidin-4-one by using supported protic acid (Silica Chloride: SiO2-Cl) catalyst. The catalyst SiO2-Cl is compatible with a variety of aldehydes (aryl/heteroaryl) and the aromatic amines affording 2,3-disubstituted-thiazolidin-4-one analogs in 72–89% yields. Moreover, the supported catalyst was recycled several times without significant loss of catalytical activity 相似文献
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We give a new equivariant cohomological characterization of the equivariant Euler characteristic of aG-simplicial set as defined by Brown. This implies in particular that the equivariant Euler characteristic is aG-homotopy invariant. 相似文献
145.
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles (<100 nm) with core–shell structure were synthesized by atomized microemulsion technique. The polymer chains were anchored onto the surface of nano‐CaCO3 through triethoxyvinyl silane (TEVS) as a coupling agent. Ammonium persulfate (APS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and n‐pentanol were used as initiator, surfactant, and cosurfactant, respectively. Polymerization mechanism of core–shell latex particles was discussed. Encapsulation of nano‐CaCO3 by PS was confirmed by using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Grafting percentage of core–shell particles was investigated by Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA). Nano‐CaCO3/PS core–shell particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results of FTIR revealed existence of a strong interaction at the interface of nano‐CaCO3 particle and PS, which implies that the polymer chains were successfully grafted onto the surface of nano‐CaCO3 particle through the link of the coupling agent. In addition, TGA and DSC results indicated an enhancement of thermal stability of core–shell materials compared with the pure nano‐PS. Nano‐CaCO3/PS particles were blended with polypropylene (PP) matrix on Brabender Plastograph by melt process with different wt% of loading (i.e. 0.1–1 wt%). The interfacial adhesion between nano‐CaCO3 particles and PP matrix was significantly improved when the nano‐CaCO3 particles were grafted with PS, which led to increased thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of (nano‐CaCO3/PS)/PP composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed a perfect dispersion of the nano‐CaCO3 particles in PP matrix. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
146.
多层金属化是集成芯片以摩尔定律的速度更替的重要工艺手段.在多层金属化中,平坦的晶圆表面对每道工序的成功完成都是非常必要的,而化学机械抛光工艺能在每道工序之前将晶圆表面抛光.化学机械抛光主要是通过使用颗粒研浆去除材料来实现晶圆抛光.除了研浆本身的化学性质外,研浆的效果也受研磨颗粒性质的影响.如果我们能够更好的理解研磨颗粒... 相似文献
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149.
Dyneshwar Ghayal Aniruddha B. Pandit Virendra K. Rathod 《Ultrasonics sonochemistry》2013,20(1):322-328
The present work demonstrates the application of a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor for the synthesis of biodiesel with used frying oil as a feedstock. The synthesis involved the transesterification of used frying oil (UFO) with methanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. The effect of geometry and upstream pressure of a cavitating orifice plate on the rate of transesterification reaction has been studied. It is observed that the micro level turbulence created by hydrodynamic cavitation somewhat overcomes the mass transfer limitations for triphasic transesterification reaction. The significant effects of upstream pressure on the rate of formation of methyl esters have been seen. It has been observed that flow geometry of orifice plate plays a crucial role in process intensification. With an optimized plate geometry of 2 mm hole diameter and 25 holes, more than 95% of triglycerides have been converted to methyl esters in 10 min of reaction time with cavitational yield of 1.28 × 10?3 (Grams of methyl esters produced per Joule of energy supplied). The potential of UFO to produce good quality methyl esters has been demonstrated. 相似文献
150.
Simple series expressions for bit error rate (BER) of π/4 shifted differential quaternary phase-shift keying (π/4-DQPSK) over some common fading environments (Rayleigh, Rician and Nakagami-m) are derived. Both single- and multi-channel reception scenarios are considered. In case of multi-antenna reception, it is assumed that the fading is independent and identically distributed (IID), and the receiver follows optimum maximal ratio combining (MRC). The derived expressions, computed through probability density function (PDF)-based approach, give an exact match with moment-generating function (MGF)-based solutions but get rid of numerical integrations involved in MGF approach. Further, the analytical results presented in this article consist of finite or rapidly converging infinite series and thus a trade-off between precision and complexity can be easily realised by choosing a specific number of terms. Bounds on the error resulting from truncation of the infinite series are also derived. Moreover, it was shown that the series solutions, when reasonably truncated, still provide better approximations than the previous attempts. 相似文献