胶凝对氧化钡改性的氧化铝热稳定性的作用

比较了γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和胶凝预处理的拟薄水铝石经Ｂａ改性前后在１１５０℃高温下的热稳定性。ＢＥＴ表面积、孔径颁布和ＸＲＤ表征结果表明,胶凝处理降低了氧化铝的孔径并加速了高温烧结。Ｂａ的引入抑制了上述两种氧化铝向ａ相的转变,同时与ＢａＯ发生高温固相反应形成钡的六铝酸盐,但拟薄水铝石的胶凝处理削弱了Ｂａ的高温稳定作用。结果显示,γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３经Ｂａ的改性不抑制了ａ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的生成,而且还抑制了γ－Ａｌ     

示踪原子法测定Ag/AgNO3-NH3体系的交换电流

The exchange currents of Ag/AgNO_3-NH_3 electrode systems were measured by using radiotrcer method.The magnitude of exchange currents was obtained to be of the order 10~(-7) A. cm~(-2) in solutions with various concentrations of Ag~+(Ⅰ). The data show that the exchange currents decrease with reduction in Ag~+ (Ⅰ) concen- trations.However the difference of exchange currents is not significant.It is in coincidance with the assumption that in very low overpotential region the surface diffusion of adatom is the rate determining step.The experimental conditions that must be fulfilled in order to ensure successful application of this method were also discussed.     

Deactivation efficiency of stabilized bactericidal emulsions

Biocide emulsions stabilized with various stabilizing agents were prepared and characterized, and their efficiency in bacteria deactivation was evaluated. A number of stabilizing agents were tested for their stabilizing effect on emulsions of thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole (TCMTB) biocide. Two agents, the most successful in stabilizing the biocide, were chosen for further studies: high molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI) and an amphiphilic block copolymer of poly(caprolactone)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PCL(33)-b-PAA(33)). The emulsion droplet sizes varied between 325 and 500 nm. Deactivation of bacteria was studied by exposing E. coli ATCC 11229 bacteria dispersions to emulsions stabilized by positively charged PEI or negatively charged PCL-b-PAA micelles and by measuring their absorbance; E. coli do not grow with time in the presence of biocide emulsions. PEI molecules alone act as biocide and deactivate the bacteria. PCL-b-PAA micelles as stabilizing agent do not affect the growth of the E. coli ; bacteria are deactivated by TCMTB released from the emulsion droplets. The kinetics of emulsion dissolution studies revealed for both stabilizing agents a decrease in droplet size with time while the emulsions were subjected to dialysis. The biocide was released from the emulsions within ～250 min; the droplet shells consist mostly of PEI or PCL-b-PAA insoluble complexes with the biocide, which do not dissolve during dialysis. SEM images confirm the presence of residual crumbled shells with holes after 24 h of dialysis.     

Density and Excess Molar Volume of the Protic Ionic Liquid Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium Acetate with Alcohols

Densities were determined for binary mixtures containing the protic ionic liquid bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium acetate [BHEAA] and an alcohol (methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol) at four different temperatures (293.15, 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15) K and ambient pressure. Coefficients of thermal expansion and excess molar volumes were calculated from the experimental densities. The excess molar volumes were fitted using the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. Negative deviations from ideal behavior of the excess molar volume were observed for all systems investigated in this study. The results were interpreted in terms of ion-dipole interactions and structural factors of the ionic liquid and alcohol. It was observed that an increase of the alcohol carbon chain length led to lower interactions on mixing.     

高频振荡下缓慢前沿的电子束电流波形测量

推导了Rogowski线圈理论,给出了任意Rogowski线圈的表达式。通过使用高磁导率的磁芯材料,增加线圈匝数,设计出了能有效测量前沿变化0.1 s、强度mA量级的电子束电流的Rogowski线圈,并测得了电子束等离子体装置中的电子束电流信号。利用推导的任意Rogowski线圈表达式,成功获得低频与高频共存的电流波形。测量结果表明,该电子束等离子体系统中存在束流振荡,振荡幅度达12%。     

A Lyapounov function approach to the theory of stability in a laser using the Scully-Lamb theory

The stability of a quantum model of a c.w. laser is demonstrated using Lyapounov's second method.     

Zero-knowledge proofs of identity

In this paper we extend the notion of interactive proofs of assertions to interactive proofs of knowledge. This leads to the definition of unrestricted input zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge in which the prover demonstrates possession of knowledge without revealing any computational information whatsoever (not even the one bit revealed in zero-knowledge proofs of assertions). We show the relevance of these notions to identification schemes, in which parties prove their identity by demonstrating their knowledge rather than by proving the validity of assertions. We describe a novel scheme which is provably secure if factoring is difficult and whose practical implementations are about two orders of magnitude faster than RSA-based identification schemes. The advantages of thinking in terms of proofs of knowledge rather than proofs of assertions are demonstrated in two efficient variants of the scheme: unrestricted input zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge are used in the construction of a scheme which needs no directory; a version of the scheme based on parallel interactive proofs (which are not known to be zero knowledge) is proved secure by observing that the identification protocols are proofs of knowledge.     

Specular reflectance studies of bromide adsorption on gold

Specular reflectance changes have been used to examine the specific adsorption of bromide on gold in the presence of a large excess of supporting electrolyte (NaF) which is not specifically adsorbed. A linear relation has been demonstrated between the reflectance changes and the surface excess of bromide through the examination of the time dependence of the reflectance under conditions where the rate of adsorption of the bromide is diffusion controlled and hence known. The adsorption isotherms have been found to follow Temkin behavior. The electrosorption valency has been evaluated from the charge and surface excess at constant potential and found to be ?0.49 to ?0.59, depending on the potential. Various mechanisms for the subtantial changes in reflectance attending the specific adsorption of anions are discussed. The observed effects cannot be explained on the basis of changes in the charge on the electrode and corresponding changes in the contribution of the conduction band to the surface optical properties. The principal mechanism is proposed to be modifications in the surface electronic states of the metal electrode through direct orbital interactions between the adsorbed anions and the metal.     

Naphthoquinone–Dopamine Hybrids Inhibit α-Synuclein Aggregation,Disrupt Preformed Fibrils,and Attenuate Aggregate-Induced Toxicity

Accumulation and aggregation of the intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein (α-Syn) into amyloid fibrils are hallmarks of a series of heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders, known as synucleinopathies and most notably Parkinson's disease (PD). The crucial role of α-Syn aggregation in PD makes it an attractive target for the development of disease-modifying therapeutics that would inhibit α-Syn aggregation or disrupt its preformed fibrillar assemblies. To this end, we have designed and synthesized two naphthoquinone–dopamine-based hybrid small molecules, NQDA and Cl-NQDA, and demonstrated their ability to inhibit in vitro amyloid formation by α-Syn using ThT assay, CD, TEM, and Congo red birefringence. Moreover, these hybrid molecules efficiently disassembled preformed fibrils of α-Syn into nontoxic species, as evident from LUV leakage assay. NQDA and Cl-NQDA were found to have low cytotoxicity and they attenuated the toxicity induced by α-Syn towards SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. NQDA was found to efficiently cross an in vitro human blood–brain barrier model. These naphthoquinone–dopamine based derivatives can be an attractive scaffold for therapeutic design towards PD.     

A Cramer rule for least-norm solutions of consistent linear equations

The least (Euclidean-) norm solution of a consistent linear equation Ax = b is given a determinantal form, which reduces to Cramer's rule if A is nonsingular.