全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1581篇 |
免费 | 230篇 |
国内免费 | 170篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 500篇 |
晶体学 | 58篇 |
力学 | 56篇 |
综合类 | 39篇 |
数学 | 108篇 |
物理学 | 362篇 |
无线电 | 858篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 65篇 |
2021年 | 50篇 |
2020年 | 35篇 |
2019年 | 41篇 |
2018年 | 48篇 |
2017年 | 76篇 |
2016年 | 51篇 |
2015年 | 94篇 |
2014年 | 96篇 |
2013年 | 115篇 |
2012年 | 125篇 |
2011年 | 142篇 |
2010年 | 143篇 |
2009年 | 128篇 |
2008年 | 150篇 |
2007年 | 163篇 |
2006年 | 119篇 |
2005年 | 98篇 |
2004年 | 57篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 35篇 |
2000年 | 23篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1981条查询结果,搜索用时 9 毫秒
1.
2.
本文研究了酞菁锌(ZnPc)薄膜的表面形貌及ZnPc薄膜作为缓冲层对有机电致发光器件(OLEDs)光电特性的影响.对比两组样品的AFM图像,ZnPc薄膜相比于ITO薄膜,其表面的岛面积较大,薄膜表面更连续平整,基本上覆盖了ITO膜表面针孔,减少了表面的缺陷.另外,ZnPc薄膜的岛分布均匀有序.使用ZnPc作为缓冲层的器件性能明显好于未使用ZnPc修饰的器件,在7.42V的驱动电压下的最大发光亮度达到1.428kcd/m2,在4.3V电压驱动下时,最大光功率效率为1.411m/W;而未使用缓冲层的器件在8V的驱动电压下达到最大发光亮度达到1.212kcd/m2,在5.5V电压驱动下时,最大光功率效率为0.931m/W. 相似文献
3.
5.
该文建立了聚变堆燃料循环系统中氢氘组分的微气相色谱定量分析方法。采用MnCl2溶液改性的氧化铝色谱柱(4~6 m×0.53 mm)为分离柱,考察了改性液含量、色谱柱长和载气流量对氢氘组分分析的影响,在液氮低温(77 K)条件下实现了H2、HD和D2混合物的分离。结果表明,19%MnCl2溶液处理的色谱柱分离氢同位素的效果优于15%MnCl2溶液处理的色谱柱;柱越长,H2和HD的分离效果越好,当色谱柱长度大于5 m时,H2和HD组分可以完全分离,分离度大于1.5;HD和D2的最小理论塔板高度分别为0.013 cm和0.016 cm。He中H2、HD、D23组分氢同位素在0%~10%含量范围内的线性相关系数均不低于0.993,检出限(LOD)分别为600.1、343.8、654.5μL/L。方法的相对标准偏差为0.34%~1.5%。该法是一种快速、准确、实用的氢同位素分析方法,有望用于聚变堆D/T燃料循环系统氢同位素气体的测定。 相似文献
6.
利用稳态和瞬态光谱方法研究了不同铕离子发光体系中各种因素对铕离子发光性质的影响.通过吸收和激发光谱的变化分析了稀土离子Gd3+对Eu3+增敏机理,并从荧光衰减动力学角度证明了主配体噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮(TTA)、协配体邻啡咯啉(Phen)、稀土离子Gd3+和表面活性剂TX-100对铕离子发光的增敏作用.4种发光体系Eu3+/Gd3+/TTA/Phen/TX-100,Eu3+/TTA/Phen/TX-100,Eu3+/Gd3+/TTA/Phen和Eu3+/Gd3+/TTA/TX-100中铕离子5D0态的发光寿命依次为980>670>400>260μs,而且存在铕离子5D1到5D0的传能过程.在发光越强的体系中,5D1的衰减越慢,相应地5D0的上升时间也就越长.研究结果表明,在最佳发光体系中既存在分子内的能量转移,又存在分子间的能量传递. 相似文献
7.
8.
CHEN Xing YIN Lipu ZHOU Hongyu LIU Junyou LI Xiaohui AI Xianbin HUANG Kai 《高等学校化学研究》2018,34(6):1020-1027
Wastewater produced from the soil washing process contains heavy metals, which limits its reuse for washing. So it is necessary to develop an efficient and economical way to recycle it, and this study presented a biosorption method to realize this goal. A typical soil sample contaminated by lead was taken from the real field near a lead smelting factory, used for the toxic metals extraction with dilute citric acid. A leach liquor was obtained with lead ions at the level of 12.35 mg/L, Cd 1.2 mg/L, Cu 1.5 mg/L, Zn 2.6 mg/L, as well as the coexisting anions, such as sulphate, silicate, chloride at the concentration of several hundred miligram per liter. The garlic peel was modified by a simple chemical saponification process and used as the biosorbent for toxic metal removal. Firstly, the adsorption behavior of lead ions on the saponified garlic peel was systematically investigated using the synthetic solutions, and then the adsorption mechanisms were explored by detailed experiments combining with the thermodynamic calculation reuslts of the aqueous system of Pb(Ⅱ)-citrate-H2O. It was found that in artificial solution containing 0.01 mol/L citrate, the maximum adsorption capacity of 261.0 mg/g was reached at pH near 3.0, and also at this very pH value the Pb2+ and Pb(H2Cit)+ were the dominant lead species, which are favorable for adsorption due to its easier approaching to the -COO- ligands in the saponified garlic peel partilces via charge attraction, and the appearance of Pb(HCit)0 and Pb(Cit)- at pH above 3.0 inhibits the adsorption. Secondly, the real leach liquor was used for adsorption tests, and twice adsorption under the optimal conditons would decrease the residual concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn to zero. After elution by using 0.1 mol/L nitric acid, the adsorbed metals can be recovered and garlic peel can be reused for at least 10 cycles effectively. This study presents a prospective biosorption method for economical and efficient removal of the lead ions from soil washing wastewater with citric acid as the leaching reagent. 相似文献
9.
在B3LYP/6-311++G**//6-31+G*基组水平上结合PCM模型系统的优化了气相和液相环境中14种腺嘌呤异构体与四种金属离子(Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+)形成的132个稳定复合物。通过能量对比,得到了所有复合物异构体在气液两相中的稳定性顺序及不同金属离子与同一异构体形成的复合物的能量排序,首次给出了液相中这些不同金属离子复合物的最稳定结构。结果发现溶剂效应导致了液相中的复合物稳定性顺序与气相中的相比发生了很大变化;同一异构体与不同金属离子形成的复合物其稳定性在排序中也变化很大。对于这些变化,本文分别从金属离子与腺嘌呤的复合物在气相中的结合能(EBE)及在液相中的溶质溶剂相互作用能(Epol)能等方面进行了系统的阐述 相似文献
10.
Influence Factors on Particle Growth for On-line Aerosol Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry 下载免费PDF全文
An evaporation/condensation flow cell was developed and interfaced with the matrix-assistedlaser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometer for on-line bioaerosoldetection and characterization, which allows matrix addition by condensation onto the laboratory-generated bioaerosol particles. The final coated particle exiting from the con-denser is then introduced into the aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer or home-built aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and its aerodynamic size directly effects on the matrix-to-analyte molar ratio, which is very important for MALDI technique. In order to observe the protonated analyte molecular ion, and then determine the classification of bi-ological aerosols, the matrix-to-analyte molar ratio must be appropriate. Four experimental parameters, including the temperature of the heated reservoir, the initial particle size, its number concentration, and the matrix material, were tested experimentally to analyze their influences on the final particle size. This technique represents an on-line system of detec-tion that has the potential to provide rapid and reliable identification of airborne biological aerosols. 相似文献