全文获取类型
收费全文 | 722661篇 |
免费 | 24682篇 |
国内免费 | 15418篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 339246篇 |
晶体学 | 8845篇 |
力学 | 32890篇 |
综合类 | 558篇 |
数学 | 79690篇 |
物理学 | 204723篇 |
无线电 | 96809篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 7886篇 |
2021年 | 10904篇 |
2020年 | 11232篇 |
2019年 | 11790篇 |
2018年 | 13266篇 |
2017年 | 13342篇 |
2016年 | 18481篇 |
2015年 | 12676篇 |
2014年 | 18803篇 |
2013年 | 34546篇 |
2012年 | 30661篇 |
2011年 | 34494篇 |
2010年 | 25791篇 |
2009年 | 26263篇 |
2008年 | 31401篇 |
2007年 | 30834篇 |
2006年 | 28370篇 |
2005年 | 25384篇 |
2004年 | 22232篇 |
2003年 | 19880篇 |
2002年 | 19376篇 |
2001年 | 19505篇 |
2000年 | 16123篇 |
1999年 | 13763篇 |
1998年 | 12248篇 |
1997年 | 11621篇 |
1996年 | 11073篇 |
1995年 | 9816篇 |
1994年 | 9764篇 |
1993年 | 9095篇 |
1992年 | 9243篇 |
1991年 | 9502篇 |
1990年 | 8863篇 |
1989年 | 8352篇 |
1988年 | 7933篇 |
1987年 | 7196篇 |
1986年 | 6885篇 |
1985年 | 8365篇 |
1984年 | 8572篇 |
1983年 | 7202篇 |
1982年 | 7337篇 |
1981年 | 6827篇 |
1980年 | 6472篇 |
1979年 | 6869篇 |
1978年 | 7099篇 |
1977年 | 6973篇 |
1976年 | 6891篇 |
1975年 | 6589篇 |
1974年 | 6440篇 |
1973年 | 6729篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
62.
Lorenzetto G. Galtarossa A. Palmieri L. Santagiustina M. Someda C.G. Fiorone R. 《Lightwave Technology, Journal of》2003,21(2):424-431
First-order polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensation by means of a polarization controller and a differential delay line is not sufficient to guarantee error-free transmission for 40-Gb/s channels when higher order effects severely increase signal distortion. Higher order mitigation is possible by cascading more than one first-order block. However, only two-stage or three-stage devices remain simple enough to be actually controlled. The performance of such higher order PMD compensators is evaluated by means of numerical simulations. Two different feedback signals have been used, demonstrating that first-order and higher order PMD distortion of nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) pulses at 40 Gb/s can be strongly mitigated for instantaneous values of the differential group delay (DGD) up to the bit slot, when the compensator is properly controlled. 相似文献
63.
Dispersion-relation-preserving FDTD algorithms for large-scale three-dimensional problems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We introduce dispersion-relation-preserving (DRP) algorithms to minimize the numerical dispersion error in large-scale three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The dispersion error is first expanded in spherical harmonics in terms of the propagation angle and the leading order terms of the series are made equal to zero. Frequency-dependent FDTD coefficients are then obtained and subsequently expanded in a polynomial (Taylor) series in the frequency variable. An inverse Fourier transformation is used to allow for the incorporation of the new coefficients into the FDTD updates. Butterworth or Chebyshev filters are subsequently employed to fine-tune the FDTD coefficients for a given narrowband or broadband range of frequencies of interest. Numerical results are used to compare the proposed 3D DRP-FDTD schemes against traditional high-order FDTD schemes. 相似文献
64.
Mitchell A. Lech M. Kokotoff D.M. Waterhouse R.B. 《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》2003,51(2):249-255
High-performance circular probe-fed stacked patch antenna designs are explored through the use of numerical optimization. New trends are sought to aid understanding and to suggest novel solutions. We describe the optimization technique, present a new design trend relating efficiency and bandwidth to the choice of substrate dielectric, and propose and demonstrate a novel, optimized antenna achieving 33% bandwidth whilst maintaining greater than 80% surface wave efficiency. 相似文献
65.
66.
Object segmentation and labeling by learning from examples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We propose a system that employs low-level image segmentation followed by color and two-dimensional (2-D) shape matching to automatically group those low-level segments into objects based on their similarity to a set of example object templates presented by the user. A hierarchical content tree data structure is used for each database image to store matching combinations of low-level regions as objects. The system automatically initializes the content tree with only "elementary nodes" representing homogeneous low-level regions. The "learning" phase refers to labeling of combinations of low-level regions that have resulted in successful color and/or 2-D shape matches with the example template(s). These combinations are labeled as "object nodes" in the hierarchical content tree. Once learning is performed, the speed of second-time retrieval of learned objects in the database increases significantly. The learning step can be performed off-line provided that example objects are given in the form of user interest profiles. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system with hierarchical content tree representation and learning by color and 2-D shape matching on collections of car and face images. 相似文献
67.
On the capacities of bipartite Hamiltonians and unitary gates 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bennett C.H. Harrow A.W. Leung D.W. Smolin J.A. 《IEEE transactions on information theory / Professional Technical Group on Information Theory》2003,49(8):1895-1911
We consider interactions as bidirectional channels. We investigate the capacities for interaction Hamiltonians and nonlocal unitary gates to generate entanglement and transmit classical information. We give analytic expressions for the entanglement generating capacity and entanglement-assisted one-way classical communication capacity of interactions, and show that these quantities are additive, so that the asymptotic capacities equal the corresponding 1-shot capacities. We give general bounds on other capacities, discuss some examples, and conclude with some open questions. 相似文献
68.
对在实际组网中选择合理的ASON架构和保护方式作了相应分析,并为搭建可向ASON平滑演进的传统网络时需注意的问题提供了参考意见, 相似文献
69.
Padavattan Govindaswamy Patrick J. Carroll Yurij A. Mozharivskyj Mohan Rao Kollipara 《Journal of Chemical Sciences》2006,118(4):319-326
The reaction of [{(η5-C5Me5)M(μ-Cl)Cl}2] {where M = Rh (1), Ir (2)} with functionalized phosphine viz., diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine (PPh2Py) in dichloromethane solvent yield neutral ϰ1-P-coordinated rhodium and iridium complexes [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl2(κ1-P-PPh2Py)]3 and [(η5-C5Me5) IrCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]4. Reaction of complexes 1 and 2 with the ligand PPh2Py in methanol under reflux give bis-substituted complexes such as [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)2]+
5 and [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)2]+
6, whereas stirring in methanol at room temperature gives P-, N-chelating complexes of the type [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl(ϰ2-P-N-PPh2Py)]+ 7 and [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl(ϰ2-P-N-PPh2Py)]+
8. Neutral ϰ1-P-coordinated complexes [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]3 and [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]4 easily undergo conversion to the cationic P-, N-chelating complexes [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl(ϰ2-P-N-PPh2Py)]+
7 and [(η5-C5Me5) IrCl(ϰ2-P, N-PPh2Py)]+
8 on stirring in methanol at room temperature. These complexes are characterized by FT-IR and FT-NMR spectroscopy as well as
analytical methods. The molecular structures of the representative complexes [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]3, [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]4 and hexafluorophosphate salt of complex [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl(ϰ2-P-PPh2Py)2]+
6 are established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods 相似文献
70.
A new topology for a photonic signal processor, which overcomes the basic recursive frequency response problem that limits the passband range, is presented. The structure is based on a new multiple-wavelength offset-cavity structure that is cascaded with a series of unbalanced delay line structures. This not only can synthesize a very narrow notch response with good shape factor but also permits a multifold extension of the free spectral range (FSR) and passband width. Results on the interference mitigation filter demonstrate a stopband of 1% of center frequency and a fourfold increase in the FSR and passband width, while also having a very small shape factor, in excellent agreement with predictions. 相似文献