集成电路用的封装树脂

<正> 现在塑料封装是集成电路(IC)的主要封装方式,而采用环氧树脂的低压传递模塑法又是塑料封装最普遍采用的方法。塑料封装方法分为液态树脂的灌铸法、预成形法、浸渍法和使用固态粒状树脂的低压传递模塑法。由     

半导体位置敏感探测器新型结构研究

在分析半导体光电位置敏感探测器(PSD)二维枕形结构特性的基础上,采用光敏面与边缘区域分别注入不同离子剂量的方法,研究了一种PSD新型结构,这种结构的PSD边缘采用了带宽很窄的正方形状的离子注入电阻带形式,输出电极附加了一个较小的正方形框架作为阳极,通过在PSD边缘电阻带中注入较高离子剂量的元素,改变PSD边缘电阻带的电阻和有效感光面区域电阻的比值;实验模拟结果显示:新型结构的PSD可获得较高的位置分辨率、较大的有效光敏面积以及较小的非线性。     

质子数Z 分别位于Ru 之上和之下的A~(100~126) 丰中子原子核三轴形变在原子核形状变迁和共存中的重要作用(英文)

基于Ru (Z = 44) 丰中子同位素中存在最大三轴形变的理论预言和实验证据,综述了近年来Rh (Z = 45),Pd (Z =46), Ag (Z =47), Cd (Z =48)(质子数Z 位于Ru,Z =44 之上)及Zr (Z =40), Nb (Z =41), Mo (Z =42),Tc (Z =43)(质子数Z 位于Ru,Z =44 之下) 的A~ (100~126) 丰中子同位素中关于三轴形变的形状变迁和形状共存系统性研究的重要进展。252Cf 自发裂变瞬发 射线-- 三重符合、特别是新建立的--- 四重符合数据的系统观测和研究,在Ru, Pd, Cd 和Nb 丰中子同位素中显著扩展或首次观测到了一系列能带,为这个核区原子核形状的研究提供了新的、重要的实验数据。联系此前报道的有关进展,使用PES, TRS, PSM, CCCSM 和SCTAC 理论模型计算拟合新的实验数据,在该核区沿同中素和同位素链,并随自旋和激发能变化各自由度,跟踪原子核形状渐进变化,获得了新的系统性研究成果,显著扩展和深化了人们对原子核形状变迁和形状共存的认知。对于Ru 及其上的Rh (Z = 45), Pd (Z = 46), Ag (Z = 47) 和Cd (Z = 48) 丰中子同位素的研究表明:Rh 丰中子核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ = 28°,并在103{106Rh 同位素链上鉴别出了手征对称破缺;在三轴形变核112Ru和114Pd(N = 68)中发现了三轴原子核的摆动运动,该摆动运动也可能在114Ru (N = 70)中存在;观察到了从具有最大三轴形变的110,112Ru 中手征破缺到稍小三轴形变的112,114,116Pd 中扰动的手征破缺的过渡;在较软的Ag 核中观察到了丰富的谱学结构,在104,105Ag 中鉴别出了可能的手征对称破缺,在较重的115,117Ag 中提出了趋于三轴形变的软度;具有小形变的Cd核的能级结构被解释为准粒子耦合、准转动和软三轴形变;最近的库伦激发的研究提供了Z = 50, N = 82满壳附近122,124,126Cd 核中出现核集体性的实验和理论证据;上述研究成果展现出从Ru中的最大三轴形变(γ=30°,三轴形变极小增益为0.67 MeV), 经具有大三轴形变的Rh核γ=28°),到Pd核中的稍小、但稳定于中等自旋到高自旋区的三轴形变(γ~41°,三轴形变极小增益为0.32 MeV),再经Ag核中的软度,最后到具有很小形变、但仍出现集体性质、包括软三轴形变的Cd核的过渡。对于Pd核转动带交叉系统性的研究揭示了其第一带交叉(νh_11/2)2 中子转动顺排的上行驱动,和第二带交叉(πg_9/2)2质子转动顺排的下行驱动效应,成功地解释了114Pd 中的三轴摆动运动,并给出了110-118Pd同位素链中理论早已预言、而比早期理论预言更为完整准确的形状渐进变迁和形状共存的图像。根据该核区的系统研究,发现最大三轴形变出现在112Ru,而在相邻的偶Z(Pd)同位素链,三轴形变极小的中心在114Pd, 两者均为N = 68。上述系统性研究沿相邻的Ru和Pd偶Z同位素链,在N =68同中素中鉴别出最大三轴形变,均比理论预言的108Ru 和110Pd 多4个中子。在Z值位于Ru (Z = 44) 之下的Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), Mo (Z = 42) and Tc (Z = 43) 丰中子同位素中,Y和Zr核具有很强的轴对称四极形变,而在较重的Zr同位素中出现了自由度;较重的Nb核(A = 104~106) 基态具有中等程度的软三轴形变和强四极形变,随着自旋和激发能的增加,过渡到接近于轴对称的强四极形变;而较轻的Nb核(A≤103) 基态均接近轴对称形状;在Nb同位素链上基态由球形到强四极形变的形状突变发生在100Nb(N = 59),在100-106Nb同位素链中基态的软三轴形变随中子数增加而增加;在Nb核中还观察到关于软三轴形变的形状共存;Mo核具有大的三轴形变,观察到了振动和手征对称破缺;Tc核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ=26°,并观察到了手征对称破缺。质子数Z从41到48的A~(100~126)丰中子同位素,特别是Pd和Nb 同位素,呈现出关于三轴形变的过渡特征。This paper reviews the systematic investigations and understanding for the shape transitions and coexistence with regard to triaxial deformations in A s 100 to 126 neutron-rich Rh (Z = 45), Pd (Z = 46), Ag (Z = 47), Cd (Z = 48) and Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), Mo (Z = 42), Tc (Z = 43) isotopes with Z beyond and below Ru (Z = 44), respectively, in Ru the maximal triaxial deformation having been predicted and deduced. The recent measurements and studies of prompt triple- and four-fold, γ-γ-γ and γ-γ-γ-γ, coincidence data from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf using Gammasphere have yielded considerable expansion and extension or first observation of the bands in Ru, Pd, Cd, and Nb isotopes,which provided important data for the studies of nuclear shapes in this region. Combined with previous investigations, recent systematic studies of the new data well reproduced by PES, TRS, PSM, CCCSM and SCTAC model calculations have traced shape changes along the isotonic and isotopic chains, respectively,and with changing excitations/spins as well, significantly expanding our knowledge of shape transitions/coexistence in nuclei.For the neutron-rich Ru and beyond, Rh, Pd, Ag and Cd isotopes, triaxial deformations γ= 28°,slightly smaller than the maximal value, were deduced in Rh (Z = 45) isotopes, with chiral symmetry breaking proposed in 103-106Rh; onset of wobbling motions were identified in 112Ru and 114Pd (N =68),and probably also in 114Ru (N =70); evolution from chiral symmetry breaking in 110,112Ru with maximal triaxial deformations to disturbed chirality in 112,114,116Pd with less pronounced triaxial deformations was proposed; rich nuclear structure was proposed in soft Ag isotopes with possible chiral doubling structure suggested in 104,105Ag, and softness towards triaxial deformation proposed in heavier 115,117Ag;quasi-particle couplings, quasi-rotations and soft triaxiality were suggested in Cd (Z =48) isotopes with small deformations; onset of collectivity was recently suggested in 122,124,126Cd in the vicinity of Z =50 and N = 82 closed shells by studies of Coulomb excitations; shape evolutions from maximal triaxial deformations in Ru (γ=30°, with triaxial minimum energy gain of 0.67 MeV), through Rh with large triaxial deformations ( γ=28°), to less pronounced triaxiality in Pd (with triaxial minimum energy gain of 0.32 MeV), then soft triaxiality in Ag, and finally to slightly deformed Cd isotopes but with emergence of collectivity and soft triaxiality were proposed. The systematic studies of the band crossings in Pd revealed up-rising drivings of the first band crossings caused by (νh_11/2)2 and down-sloping drivings of the second band crossings by (πg_9/2)2, explained the onset of wobbling motions in 114Pd,and showed a long-sought picture of shape evolution and coexistence in the Pd isotopic chain which is more complete but complex than earlier predictions. Based on the systematic studies in the mass region,maximal triaxial deformation is found to be reached in 112Ru and less-pronounced triaxiality centered at 114Pd, both for N =68, four neutrons more than predicted in earlier theoretical calculations.In the neutron-rich Zr (Z =40), Nb (Z =41), Mo (Z =42) and Tc (Z =43) isotopes with Z just below Ru, large quadrupole deformations of axially symmetric shapes were deduced in Y and Zr isotopes, with emergence of the degree of freedom having been suggested for heavier Zr isotopes; medium triaxial deformations were deduced for the ground states of heavier (A > 104) Nb isotopes, and, with increasing excitations and spins, evolution from medium triaxial deformations with strong quadrupole deformations at ground states to nearly axially-symmetric shapes were deduced; light Nb isotopes (A6103) have near axially-symmetric shapes with strong quadrupole deformations; combining with the identification of onset of strong quadrupole deformation at 100Nb in the Nb isotopic chain, an increase of soft triaxiality with increasing neutron number was proposed in 100-106Nb. Shape coexistence with regard to soft triaxiality is also proposed in Nb isotopes; large triaxial deformations, vibrations and chiral doublets were proposed in Mo isotopes; chiral doubling and large triaxial deformations (γ ~26°) slightly smaller than the maximal triaxiality were suggested in Tc isotopes.The neutron-rich nuclei with Z ranging from 41 through 48 and A ~100 to 126, especially the Pd and Nb isotopes are thus found to be transitional nuclei with regard to triaxiality.     

旋转飞行器动稳定导数获取原理

旋转飞行器具有独特的周期性非定常气动现象，其动态特性更加复杂，气流与旋转高度非定常关联，俯仰阻尼导数和Magnus力矩导数同等重要.文章从飞行器气动力建模的理论基础出发，考虑飞行器自转角速度非零的事实，将其作为基态影响参数，重新构建了旋转飞行器气动力数学表达式，并借鉴成熟的常规动导数强迫振动法，采用Fourier级数表征旋转影响，沿用旋转飞行器周期气动等效概念，建立了基于基态旋转流场的周期气动等效平均俯仰动稳定导数、纵向洗流时差导数和滚转动稳定导数获取的原理表达式，并设计了相应的运动模式，可供数值计算和风洞实验使用.      

光动力法制备抗小鼠H22肝癌的肿瘤疫苗

研究了光动力疗法(PDT)制备的抗小鼠H22肝癌肿瘤疫苗的抗瘤效应.将昆明鼠60只,随机分为2组,每组30只.实验组取6~12周龄的昆明鼠背部皮下接种光动力疗法产生的疫苗,每3天注射一次,每次注射50μL(相当于3×105个细胞),连续两周.隔一周于第22天注射H22肿瘤细胞悬液0.1 mL(1×106个细胞);对照组:每周每次注射50μL生理盐水,连续两周.隔一周于第22天注射H22肿瘤细胞悬液0.1 mL(1×106个细胞).比较两组的抑瘤率、生存率以及两组之间免疫学的相关指标.结果表明,实验组小鼠具有显著的抑瘤效果,抑瘤率、生存率较对照组有显著提高.实验组肿瘤抑瘤率最高可达60%且长期有效,100天生存率达56%.说明光动力疗法产生的抗小鼠H22肝癌疫苗可以有效地抑制肿瘤生长,提高荷瘤小鼠的生存率,具有明显的抗瘤效应.该方法可能成为一种辅助性治疗肿瘤的手段而应用于临床.     

带有Fokker-Planck算子的BGK方程 [英文]

本文主要研究带有Fokker-Planck算子的BGK模型,即Fokker-Planck-BGK方程.首先,我们对线性方程?f/?t+v·▽_xf - σ?_vf = g(t, x, v), f (0, x, v) = f_0(x, v).建立了两个基本引理:速度矩引理和速度平均引理.然后通过渐近方法,在初始条件只有二阶矩的情形下得到Fokker-Planck-BGK方程经典解的存在性.     

基于层次分析法的炮兵营作战能力评估

影响炮兵营作战能力的因素有很多,且大多是不确定的,因此采用人员统计评估法、指数评估法进行作战能力评估存在一定的不确定度,利用层次分析法分析评估作战能力,评估结果可信度更高。     

无铅压电陶瓷的器件应用分析

随着社会可持续发展战略的实施和人们环保意识的加强,无铅压电陶瓷及其器件应用已成为当前铁电压电材料及其应用研究的热点之一。该文通过对近期铋层状结构和Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3基无铅压电陶瓷,以及研发的无铅压电陶瓷的相关压电参数的分析,对照传统PZT基压电陶瓷的器件应用,分析了无铅压电陶瓷相关性能参数对器件应用的影响。     

BNKLT无铅压电陶瓷中频滤波器的研制

采用本组发明的[Bi0.5(Na1-x-yKxLiy)0.5]TiO3(BNKLT)系无铅压电陶瓷,研制了单片式中频陶瓷滤波器。该体系陶瓷具有较高的使用温度,在160℃以上仍具有较强压电性。利用此体系材料,采用轮廓振动模式,制作了插损约为3 dB,中心频率约为530 kHz,带宽约为8.8 kHz,左、右选择性均良好的无铅压电陶瓷单片式中频滤波器。除中心频率以外,各项指标均与村田公司同类含铅陶瓷中频滤波器(SFU系列)产品相当,具有良好的应用前景。     

离心式冷水空调机组中CFC11替代工质的研究

对几种 HFCs、HFEs 类新工质和混合工质M1、M2进行了以在离心式冷水空调机组中替代 CFC11为目标的理论循环性能分析。结果表明,M1具有作为 CFC11 灌注式替代物的潜力;HFC143 循环性能优良,更适合应用于新设计的系统中。