MCM-41负载双（全氟烷基磺酰亚胺）催化对苯二酚和叔丁醇的烷基化反应

合成了MCM-41负载的双（全氟烷基磺酰亚胺）催化剂 (HN(SO₂R_f)₂,R_f为全氟烷基)，并用XRD, FTIR, SEM, TG-DTA and N₂-吸附技术等对它们的结构进行了表征。将这些负载催化剂（HN(SO₂R_f)₂/MCM–41）用作对苯二酚和叔丁醇的烷基化反应的催化剂，研究了各种反应条件对该反应的影响。在优化反应条件下，仅用5 mol% HN(SO₂C₄F₉)₂/MCM-41催化该反应，可以得到高产率（52.0%）的2－叔丁基对苯二酚。研究结果表明，该新型负载催化剂可以至少重复使用6次，而其催化活性基本不变。     

INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL-BASED NONSOLVENTS ON THE FORMATION AND MORPHOLOGY OF PVDF MEMBRANES IN PHASE INVERSION PROCESS

Through the preparation of PVDF membranes using various nonsolvent coagulation baths following the phase inversion process, the influence of alcohol-based nonsolvents on the formation and structure of PVDF membranes were investigated. The light scattering and light transmission measurements were used to characterize the equilibrium phase diagram and the gelation speed, respectively. The locations of the crystallization-induced gelation boundaries for various systems and precipitation processes were explained from the corresponding thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. It was found that the better affinity between alcohol-based nonsolvents and DMAc solvent caused the gelation boundaries further away from the PVDF-DMAc axis with the coagulation bath varying from water, methanol, ethanol to iso-propanol. Due to the lower exchange rate of DMAc and alcohols, the delayed demixing took place for the membrane-forming using alcohols as baths, and the delayed time became longer when the coagulation bath was changed from methanol, ethanol to iso-propanol. The characterization results of membranes indicate that the influence of nonsolvents on the phase diagram and the precipitation process are in agreement with those on the membrane morphology. The better thermodynamic stability and a low exchange diffusion rate of PVDF/DMAc/alcohols favor the liquid-solid phase separation in gelation process, and therefore yield the membranes with a porous upper surface, a particular bottom surface and symmetrical structure.     

着床过程中兔胚泡小分子肽的分离、鉴定及其有关着床机理的生理意义

本文用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分离到妊娠兔子宫液中小分子肽类物质,它们的分子量大约为3000,4500,和6000左右,这类小分子肽在非孕和假孕兔的子宫液中不存在。同样,从妊娠4—6 d的胚泡液亦分离到这类小分子肽。这类小分子肽的等电点在pH4.0—5.5范围内,在亲和电泳中与伴刀豆球蛋白(Con A)有特异结合,由此可知是一类糖肽。此外,LH-RH A对此类小分子肽的合成有抑制作用,本文初步讨论了这类小分子肽在着床过程中的生理功能。     

c向静电场作用下α-LiIO3单晶的喇曼谱“串线”和谱线强度改变的机理

在c向静电场作用下,α-LiIO₃单晶的喇曼谱发生“串线”,并且谱线强度改变。本文分析了这一现象的起因:由于离子输运引起的空间电荷涨落使α-LiIO₃单晶的极化率张量和喇曼张量主轴方向发生涨落。前者产生o←→e光散射,散射光再发生一次喇曼散射,造成喇曼谱“串线”和谱线强度的改变;后者直接造成喇曼诺“串线”和谱线强度的变化。前者的贡献远大于后者。 关键词：     

烃类混合气体的神经网络模型检测

八十年代末科学家模仿生物鼻研制一种传感器阵列与计算机模式识别的气体检测系统．传感器阵列相当于生物鼻的嗅觉细胞，计算机模式识别系统相当于嗅泡和大脑「‘］．传感器阵列对气体的响应是一个多维空间的响应模式，这种响应模式经过一定的数学处理后可以实现气体的种类识别或浓度检测［’－‘j．传感器的响应和混合气体浓度之间呈非线性关系，这一特性给定量检测多组分气体混合物造成很大的限制．应用人工神经元网络技术（ANN）可以克服这一缺陷，并使检测气体的选择性大大提高．本工作运用ANN中的反向传播（BP）算法识别由16个不同…     

非担载铁—钼催化剂在氢还原过程中的物相研究

本文利用原位穆斯堡尔谱和XRD研究了10%Fe/MoO_3催化剂在氢还原过程中铁和钼的物相及其变化.结果表明.在铁和钼还原的同时,它们之间的相互作用增强,使得在350℃—500℃的温度范围内.升高还原温度,催化剂的还原度反而下降.在350℃铁可部分地还原为零价,这时钼仅还原为MoO_2在500℃,钼开始还原到零价.这时还原生成的Fe~0形成Fe-Mo合金,在550℃铁和钼全部还原为零价,铁以Fe-Mo合金存在,其穆斯堡尔谱显示精细结构.     

无机分析中有机显色剂的新进展

由于有机试剂比无机试剂有较好的灵敏度和选择性,所以在分析化学中应用十分广泛。分光光度分析法具有简单、快速、灵敏度较高及所用仪器设备简单等优点。在各种物料中及环保方面的低含量以至于微量、痕量元素的测定应用较多,而且对有机显色剂的要求也越来越高。本文就有机显色剂的进展情况加以评述。近几年来有机试剂在分析方面的应用专著出版不少,1982年中对有机试剂应用的评述也有很     

Fischer—Tropsch合成

用一氧化碳和氢气为原料合成烃类的方法称为Fischer-Tropsch(F-T)法。它起源于20年代的德国,二次大战期间,德国曾发展到年产70万吨燃料油的规模。50年代,南非的Sasol-I投入运行,年处理煤达350万吨。此后由于石油化工的蓬勃发展,F-T法被冷落了     

Solvothermal Synthesis and Structure Studies of a Mixed-valence Oxochloromolybdenum Complex

Emerald green crystals of a new mixed-valence oxochloromolybdenum complex,Mo(OH)2(2,2′-bipy)Cl2.[MoO(2,2′-bipy)Cl3]2, were obtained in an attempt to synthesize the Mo-S cluster compounds under solvothermal conditions. The title compound was characterized by EPR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction techniques. Crystallographic data: orthorhombic, space group Fdd2, a = 12.684(1), b = 21.518(2), c = 29.096(3)A, Mr = 1103.97, V= 7941(1)A^3, Z= 8, Dc =1.843 g/cm^3,μ= 1.514 mm^-1, F(000) = 4304, R = 0.0654 and wR = 0.1544 for 1944 observed reflections with 1 ≥/ 2σ(I). The compound consists of two different neutral molecules, Mo^IV-(OH)2(2,2′-bipy)Cl2 and MoVO(2,2′-bipy)Cl3. Both Mo^IV and Mo^V ions are in a distorted octahedral environment. The Mo(1)^IV atom is surrounded by two Cl^- ions and two O atoms from OH^- and two N atoms from a 2,2′-bipy ligand. The Mo(2) atom is surrounded by three Cl^- ions, one O^2- anion and two N atoms from another 2,2“-bipy ligand. The bipyridine occupies two cis-equatorial sites, while the Cl^- ions are located at the axial and equatorial positions.     

V2O5／TiO2催化剂的表面结构和酸碱性及氧化还原性

 研究了一系列锐钛矿担载的钒氧化物催化剂的表面性质．X射线衍射和Raman光谱表明，8％V2O5／TiO2催化剂上的V2O5处于单层分散状态．程序升温还原研究表明，单层分散的钒物种较易被还原，而形成多聚态和晶态后钒物种的还原温度升高．NH3吸附量热结果表明，在钒物种达到单层分散前，催化剂的表面酸性随钒担载量的增加而减弱，超过单层分散后，表面酸位的数目和强度基本不变．异丙醇脱氢／脱水反应结果表明，有O2时V2O5／TiO2催化剂显示出很强的氧化还原性，无O2时催化剂的脱水选择性较高．通过异丙醇的脱氢／脱水反应，将V2O5／TiO2催化剂的表面结构与其酸碱性和氧化还原性进行了初步的关联．