钛酸钡掺杂磺化聚醚酮质子膜的制备与性能

将纳米钛酸钡(BT)在环己烷中超声分散制得均匀的悬浊液后,与磺化聚醚酮的二甲亚砜溶液均匀混合,然后采用流延法制备了掺杂质子交换膜。 通过环镜扫描电子显微镜表征发现BT在膜中分散均匀,通过吸水率、溶剂吸收率、尺寸变化、电导率、甲醇透过率、力学性能及稳定性等测试发现掺杂膜虽然电导率有所下降,但是其抗溶胀性、稳定性和力学性能显著提高。     

锥头弹丸撞击下固支金属厚靶的侵彻与穿透的理论研究(英文)

研究了在不同速度的刚性锥头弹丸撞击下固支金属厚靶的侵彻和穿透性能。假定靶板的变形是局部化的,且冲击能量仅通过侵彻过程吸收,同时假定弹体在侵彻过程中表面所受靶体的平均压力是由基于空穴膨胀理论的靶体材料弹塑性变形所引起的静态阻力以及速度效应引起的动阻力两部分组成,认为侵彻过程中靶体对弹体的静阻力要进行自由表面效应修正,而且动阻力是瞬时侵彻速度的函数。获得了锥头弹丸在侵彻和贯穿过程中的弹道极限速度和残余速度的公式。将理论预测与实验结果进行比较,发现两者符合得很好。     

载气组份对空心玻璃微球炉内成球过程的影响

为实现惯性约束聚变靶用空心玻璃微球的干凝胶法高效制备,从数值模拟和工艺实验两个方面研究了载气组份对干凝胶粒子炉内成球过程及最终空心玻璃微球性能的影响。结果表明:载气组份显著影响粒子/微球与载气之间的热量和质量传递过程,但载气组份对粒子/微球在炉内的下落速度影响很小;提高载气中氦气的体积分数可以显著提高干凝胶粒子在吸热阶段的升温速率,更为迅速有效地完成封装过程,这不仅使得干凝胶粒子发泡成为空心球的比例增大,而且还有利于制备得到大纵横比的空心玻璃微球;但是,在载气中保持适当体积分数的氩气,有利于提高玻璃微球的表面质量和成品率。当载气中氦气的体积分数在50%~80%时,干凝胶粒子的成球率较高,空心玻璃微球的球形度、同心度和表面粗糙度能满足制靶要求。     

Analysis of the impacts of mechanical errors on the RF performance of a single spoke cavity

Mechanical errors can not be avoided in fabrication. They will cause geometry errors and have impacts on the cavity performance. This paper systematically analyzes the impacts of mechanical errors on the RF performance of Peking University single spoke cavity. The various kinds of shape and size errors are considered, the influences on the resonation frequency and field flatness are studied by numerical simulation and the theoretical models are analyzed. The results show that the single spoke cavity is robust with respect to the mechanical tolerance. It also indicates the most essential factors for fabrication.     

磺酸基功能化有机聚苯乙烯/无机磷酸氢锆催化环氧大豆油

首先制备了2种磺酸功能化的有机聚苯乙烯/无机磷酸氢锆非均相催化剂,运用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、N2吸附-脱附测试、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试技术对催化剂进行了表征,提出了催化剂可能的模型。其次,考察了非均相催化剂催化合成环氧化大豆油的催化性能。结果表明:以叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)为氧化剂,固体催化剂对大豆油的环氧反应具有良好的催化性能,相比于催化剂1(磺酸化低聚苯乙烯基膦酸-磷酸氢锆),在相同的条件下,催化剂2(磺酸化聚(苯乙烯-苯乙烯膦酸)-磷酸氢锆)表现出更高的催化活性(产率:58.6%vs 53.3%),这主要归因于催化剂2拥有更大的比表面积、孔容以及孔径,为底物和催化剂的接触提供足够的催化场所。催化剂2重复使用7次后,催化活性未见明显降低。第8次反应结束后,将其置于2 mol·L-1稀盐酸中静置过夜后,在进行第9和10次循环时,催化活性又得以恢复。     

Successful Nitrogen Doping of 1.3 GHz Single Cell Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavities

A high intrinsic quality factor(Q_0) of a superconducting radio-frequency cavity is beneficial to reducing the operation costs of superconducting accelerators. Nitrogen doping(N-doping) has been demonstrated as a useful way to improve Q_0 of the superconducting cavity in recent years. N-doping researches with 1.3 GHz single cell cavities are carried out at Peking University and the preliminary results are promising. Our recipe is slightly different from other laboratories. After 250 μm polishing, high pressure rinsing and 3 h high temperature annealing, the cavities are nitrogen doped at 2.7–4.0 Pa for 20 min and then followed by 15 μm electropolishing. Vertical test results show that Q_0 of a 1.3 GHz single cell cavity made of large grain niobium has increased to 4 × 10~(10) at 2.0 K and medium gradient.     

平头弹穿透接触式双层金属板的理论研究

在工程实践中,为提高靶板的抗弹性能通常用双层板代替单层板,对平头弹穿透等厚接触式双层金属板进行了理论研究。基于先前单层金属板的穿透理论和实验研究,提出了等厚接触式双层金属板穿透的新模型,利用靶板破坏的应变失效准则分别求出两层板发生的最大整体变形及消耗的能量,根据能量守恒求得双层板的弹道极限。模型预测结果与有限的实验数据吻合较好。当总厚度大于绝热剪切冲塞临界厚度值时,双层板的弹道极限明显高于单层板的弹道极限;小于该值时,双层板与单层板的弹道极限差别不大。     

Plasma characterization on carbon fiber cathode by spectroscopic diagnostics

This paper mainly investigates plasma characterization on carbon fiber cathodes with and without cesium iodide (CsI) coating powered by a ～300~ns, ～ 200~kV accelerating pulse. It was found that the CsI layers can not only improve the diode voltage, but also maintain a stable perveance. This indicates a slowly changed diode gap or a low cathode plasma expansion velocity. By spectroscopic diagnostics, in the vicinity of the cathode surface the average plasma density and temperature were found to be ～ 3× 10¹⁴~cm^-3 and ～ 5~eV, respectively, for an electron current density of ～ 40~A/cm². Furthermore, there exists a multicomponent plasma expansion toward the anode. The plasma expansion velocity, corresponding to the carbon and hydrogen ions, is estimated to be ～ 1.5~cm/μ s. Most notably, Cs spectroscopic line was obtained only at the distance ≤ 0.5~mm from the cathode surface. Carbon and hydrogen ions are obtained up to the distance of 2.5~mm from the cathode surface. Cs ions almost remain at the vicinity of the cathode surface. These results show that the addition of CsI enables a slow cathode plasma expansion toward the anode, providing a positive prospect for developing long-pulse electron beam sources.     

正方介质柱光子晶体中异常传输现象研究

研究了电磁波在二维正方介质柱光子晶体中的传输,发现处于第一频带部分带隙的电磁波在不同界面切割方向上不同角度入射时可分别产生全反射及复杂异常折射现象如自准直现象、负折射现象.首先利用平面波展开法从理论上研究正方介质柱正方晶格光子晶体的频带结构及等频线,然后通过时域有限差分法来仿真研究光子晶体在第一频带部分带隙的传输特性.当光子晶体的界面切割沿着ΓX方向时,由于光子晶体内无本征模能够被有效地激发,入射波束被完全反射,这与光子带隙导致的全反射具有本质的不同;当光子晶体的界面切割方向沿着ΓM时,归因于其扁平的等频线,一定角度范围内入射的波束在光子晶体内几乎沿同方向传输即产生自准直现象.     

基于人工介质的低通空间滤波器

采用传输矩阵法和时域有限差分(FDTD)法, 对基于人工介质的低通空间滤波器的传输特性进行了数值模拟和分析, 提出了两种具体的设计方案,得到了控制空间滤波器截止波矢的方法。数值计算结果表明,利用不确定介质或低有效折射率光子晶体都可实现高性能的低通空间滤波。两种滤波器都由薄平板构成,所占的空间体积只有几个波长量级,可大大减少传统空间滤波器所占的空间体积。