煤液化残渣与褐煤混煤燃烧特性的实验研究

煤液化是提高煤炭资源利用率、减轻燃煤污染的有效途径[1].在煤液化工艺过程中,煤液化残渣的主体是由液化原料煤中未转化的煤有机体、无机矿物质以及外加的液化催化剂组成,是一种高炭、高灰和高硫的物质,在某些工艺中会占到液化原煤总量的30%左右,如此多的残渣量对液化过程的热效率和经济性所产生的影响是不可低估的[2].     

负载型La0.8Sr0.2MnO3燃烧催化剂的载体效应

Combustion catalysts La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 supported on γ-Al2O3, α-Al2O3, cordierite (2MgO•2Al2O3•5SiO2) and ZrO2 were compared. Further investigation was focused on LSM/ γ-Al2O3 catalyst. It was observed that LSM/γ－Al2O3 catalyst loaded with 20% (mass fraction) LSM (La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 or corresponding oxides), heated at 750℃ or above, perovskite-type oxides were found by XRD examination, whereas, the same catalyst loaded with 10% or less LSM, perovskite oxides were absent, calcination temperature about 750℃ is necessary for the formation of perovskite structure in LSM/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. High activity of complete oxidation of xylen will be obtained when perovskite-type oxides.
Investigation of TPR showed that neat LSM or LSM/γ-Al2O3(20%) was reduced by H2-N2 mixed gas. Two degradation processes took place. In the first, reduced temperature peak was about 350 - 450℃. If reduction ended at 400℃, perovskite structure was retained, which may be due to the reduction of Mn3+to Mn2+ on the surface of LSM only. In the second process, perovskite structure was destroied, and La2O3, Mn2O3, Mn - Sr - O oxides could be obtained, which took place in the temperature range 685 - 750℃ and ended at 800℃. This was proved by TPR experiments (Fig. 3, 5) and XRD patterns (Fig. 4)
Catalysts LSM/γ-Al2O3(10% or 20%) heated at 500℃ have only one TPR peak, i. e. lower temperature peak. This is due to the absence of perovskite-type oxides in the catalysts. However, neat LSM or LSM/γ-Al2O3(20%) heated 750℃ or above, not only the first low temperature TPR peak but also the second peak, which is contributed by the perovskite-type oxides in these catalysts appeared. Therefore, the second TPR peak, i. e. the higher temperatue peak is a characteristic peak for perovskite-type oxides in the reduced process. When LSM/ γ-Al2O3 (10%) catalys is heated at 750℃, no perovskite-type oxides were detected by XRD, and the second reduction peak was absent also in TPR process. \
The order of the second reduction peak temperature(characteristic peak of perovskite - type ox- ides) is: neat LSM(750℃）> LSM/γ-Al2O3 20% (685-698℃) -deposited LSM/γ-Al2O3 (698℃) > LSM/γ-Al2O3 15% (677 - 680℃) >(LSM/γ-AL2O3 10% 620 - 630℃, for Mn - Al - O medium oxides on surface). It is correleted with the increasing of the effect of support sequentially.
When LSM/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were heated at 900℃, more stable phase, spinel MnAl2O4 appeared, which could be proved by TPR of model catalyst MnAl2O4/γ-Al2O3.     

负载型La0.8Sr0.2MnO3燃烧催化剂的载体效应

用浸渍法制备负载型Ｌａ_（０．８）Ｓｒ_（０．２）Ｍｎｏ_３燃烧催化剂,比较了γ－ＡＩ_２Ｏ_３、α－ＡＩ_２Ｏ_３、堇青石（２ＭｇＯ·２Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３、５ＳｉＯ_２）和ＺｒＯ_2四种载体的负载效果．用ＸＲＤ,ＤＰＲ着重研究了γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３载体上由于负载量不同、焙烧温度不同引起的催化剂物相变化和二甲苯完全氧化的催化活性变化．     

电极条件对硫酸介质中电解还原提纯镱过程的影响

研究了以钌铱钛合金网和汞分别为阳、阴电极, 在无气氛保护条件下, 采用电解还原方法从铥、镱、镥硫酸盐溶液中分离提纯镱的过程. 讨论了在8 V恒电压时的电极间距、位置, 以及阴、阳极表面积对电解过程中的电流、还原率影响. 优化了电解还原过程, YbSO4产品的纯度稳定达到99.5%以上, 一次收率可达80%;提镱后母液中的铥和镥被富集4倍以上, 其中Lu含量高于50%, 十分有利于后续铥/镥分离.     

氧化锌薄膜的电化学沉积和表征

以透明导电玻璃(TCO)为衬底，用硝酸锌水溶液作为电解液，研究了阴极还原沉积ZnO薄膜的反应机理和电化学行为. 通过改变工艺条件来控制ZnO的生长速率， 得到了粒径为10～15 nm的纳米ZnO薄膜. XRD分析显示纳米ZnO薄膜纯度高， 呈纤锌矿结构. 光学测试结果表明，在可见光区其透光度高达90%，禁带宽度为3.37 eV.     

大型电站煤粉炉自身固硫灰渣的微观晶相分析

研究了电站1 025 t/h煤粉炉燃用Ca/S(摩尔比)=2.02的神木煤自身固硫灰渣的晶相组成,XRD分析表明,入炉煤中无定形的非晶相质量分数高达91.2%,CaCO3晶相质量分数为2.1%。满负荷下飞灰中因高温熔融形成的玻璃态非晶相质量分数高达70.5%,煤灰自身固硫产物CaSO4质量分数为3.4%,CaCO3和CaO质量分数为6.9%,使其仍具有进一步固硫的能力。满负荷下炉底渣中钠长石质量分数高达59.2%,非晶相质量分数为25.7%,未发现CaSO4、CaCO3或CaO晶相。当锅炉负荷降低时,飞灰中非晶相质量分数相应降低,炉底渣中非晶相质量分数升高。     

R（L）弱诱导空间及其连通性

本文研究了R(L)弱诱导空间的性质及其与R(L)底空间在连通性方面的关系.利用文献[4]中I(L)弱诱导空间引入了R(L)弱诱导空间概念,得到了R(L)弱诱导空间的本质刻划定理.它表明:R(L)弱诱导空间是连通的当且仅当其R(L)底空间是连通的.     

有上下界网络最大流与最小截问题

为了便于建立与有上下界网络最大流与最小截问题有关的决策支持系统，本文给出一个求有上下界网络最大流与最小截的数值算法，证明了算法的理论依据，并举例说明了算法在堵塞流理论中的应用。该算法能判定问题是否有可行解，在问题有可行解的情况下能求得问题的最优解。该算法具有易于编程实现、收敛性好等优点。数值实验表明该算法有较高的计算效率，可用于求解最小饱和流问题。     

氧化锌压敏电阻器在工频线路中的应用

本文研究了氧化锌压敏电阻器对雷电过电压、操作过电压和暂时工频过电压的承受特性，提出了合理选用氧化锌压敏电阻器的方法。     

一种新的纯位相型二孔编码方法及其应用

提出了一种新的制作纯位相型计算全息图的二孔编码方法,可用以合成任意复函数且AE~(jθ)。因为任意复矢量可以用二个分复矢量合成: