智能手机测试摩擦因数

使用生活中易得的物品,利用智能手机设计了测试两物体之间静摩擦因数的实验.并探究了接触面粗糙程度和正压力对静摩擦因数的影响.更进一步地,采用动力学方法测试了物体之间的动摩擦因数,分析比较了同种物体之间的动摩擦因数和静摩擦因数大小之间的关系.     

Non-Rayleigh photon statistics of superbunching pseudothermal light

Superbunching pseudothermal light has important applications in studying the second-and higher-order interference of light in quantum optics.Unlike the photon statistics of thermal or pseudothermal light is well understood,the photon statistics of superbunching pseudothermal light has not been studied yet.In this paper,we will employ single-photon detectors to measure the photon statistics of superbunching pseudothermal light and calculate the degree of second-order coherence.It is found that the larger the value of the degree of second-order coherence of superbunching pseudothermal light is,the more the measured photon distribution deviates from the one of thermal or pseudothermal light in the tail part.The results are helpful to understand the physics of two-photon superbunching with classical light.It is suggested that superbunching pseudothermal light can be employed to generate non-Rayleigh temporal speckles.     

基于NIR高光谱成像技术的长枣虫眼无损检测

为了研究快速识别虫眼枣与正常枣的有效方法,利用特征波长主成分分析法结合波段比算法进行虫眼枣识别。首先,利用NIR高光谱成像系统采集130个长枣(50个正常、80个虫眼枣)图像,提取并分析不同类型长枣特征区域的平均光谱曲线,对970~1 670 nm范围内的光谱数据进行主成分分析,确定7个特征波长(990,1 028,1 109,1 160,1 231,1 285,1 464 nm)。然后,对长枣图像做主成分分析,选择PC2图像进行虫眼识别,虫眼与正常枣的识别率分别为67.5%、100%。为了进一步提高虫眼枣的识别率,采用波段比(R1231/R1109)对未识别的虫眼枣进行再次识别,识别率提高到90%。结果表明,基于NIR高光谱成像技术的检测方法对虫眼枣识别是可行的,同时也为多光谱成像技术应用于在线检测长枣品质提供了理论依据。     

浮栅ROM器件x射线剂量增强效应实验研究

给出了浮栅ROM器件在钴源和北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)3W1白光束线辐照的实验结果;比较了两种辐照的实验结果及其损伤异同性.通过实验在线测得位错误数随总剂量的变化,给出相同累积剂量时x射线辐照和γ射线辐照的总剂量效应损伤等效关系.获得了浮栅ROM器件x射线剂量增强因子.这些结果对器件抗x射线辐射加固技术研究有重要价值 关键词： EEPROM x射线 剂量增强剂量效应 同步辐射     

棱镜-光栅-棱镜分光模块整体化设计及衍射特性分析

PGP模块是超光谱成像仪中重要分光器件。为了能够在制作前有效预测PGP整个系统的衍射效率分布及其衍射特性,提出了PGP整体化设计方法。从体位相全息光栅设计角度出发,结合棱镜与光栅各项参数的制约关系,编制了计算PGP整体衍射效率的分析软件,综合考察了棱镜与光栅各项参数对PGP模块衍射特性的影响,讨论了光栅布拉格波长的漂移特性,据此设计了一种用于成像光谱仪的宽波段高衍射效率PGP分光模块。模拟结果表明：棱镜1材料的色散系数越小,PGP的光谱带宽越窄;光栅布拉格波长的漂移增大了PGP模块和光栅的光谱带宽,带宽增大使光栅的角度选择性随之增大,拓宽了棱镜1材料的选择要求;棱镜1顶角、光栅的胶层厚度和相对介电常数调制度等参数是影响PGP衍射效率分布的重要因素,制作时需要精确控制。利用此方法设计的PGP分光模块在400～1 000 nm波段范围内衍射效率不低于50%,并给出具体设计参数,这对PGP制作具有一定的参考价值。     

Structure change of 156Yb at high-spin states

High-spin states of ¹⁵⁶Yb have been studied via the ¹⁴⁴Sm(¹⁶O,4n)¹⁵⁶Yb fusion-evaporation reaction at beam energy 102~MeV. The positive-parity yrast band and negative-parity cascade have been extended up to higher-spin states, respectively. The characteristics of the negative-parity sequence above the 25^－ state may related to the excitation from the nucleon in the Z=64, N=82 core. The E-GOS curve for the positive-parity yrast sequence in ¹⁵⁶Yb indicate that this nucleus may undergo an evolution from quasivibrational to quasirotational structure with increasing angular momentum. The Cranked Woods-Saxon-Strutinsky calculations by means of Total-Routhian-Surface (TRS) methods has been made to understand this structure change.     

Lifetimes of High Spin States in an Odd-Proton Nucleus 129Cs

Lifetimes of high spin states in 129Cs axe measured using the Doppler shift attenuation method. The high spin states of 129 Cs axe populated following the fusion evaporation reaction 124 Sn（UB, 6n）129 Cs at a beam energy of 65 MeV. The reduced transition probabilities B（E2） and the transition quadrupole moments Qt in the negativeand positive-paxity bands are deduced. The experimental results indicate that the Qt values of the negative parity band are smaller than those of the positive parity bands, probably due to different γ-deformation driving effects of different proton orbitals. The Qt values exhibit a considerable increase near the band crossing region in these bands. This behavior demonstrates that nuclear shape changing results from the neutron or proton alignments. The signature splitting of the πh11/2 and πg7/2 bands shows the opposite changing trend after backbending due to the h11~2 neutron and h11/2 proton alignments, respectively.     

电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定工业硅中的痕量硼和磷

建立电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)测定工业硅中痕量B和P的分析方法.采用HF-HNO3混合酸处理样品,对仪器工作参数进行优化,以Rh为校正内标,有效克服了基体效应及多元素分子离子干扰.分析结果表明,方法的检出限为:B为2.0μg·L-1、P为8.5μg · L-1,B和P的加标回收率分别为:97.2％-103.6％、95.2 ％-102.8％,精密度分别为2.6％、3.5％.方法可准确、快速测定工业硅中痕量元素B和P.     

正交光楔激光远场焦斑测量方法

为验证正交光楔激光远场焦斑测量方法在提取光斑高频组分、扩展CCD测量动态范围和减小光束质量测量误差等诸方面的有效性,以常用的光束质量因子作为衡量新方法有效性的指标,建立离焦光斑强度分布理论模型并搭建相应的实验平台进行实验验证。验证结果表明:新方法与传统远场测量方案相比,使实验所用CCD的测量动态范围拓展了约9倍,实际光斑远离中心主核区域的大量高频旁瓣分布特征从CCD背景噪声起伏中凸显出来,光束质量因子的测量平均相对误差也有约16%的精度改善。     

全息光栅制作中光栅掩模形状随曝光量及干涉场条纹对比度的变化规律

为了在光栅制作中对光栅掩模占宽比及槽深加以控制,结合光刻胶在显影过程中的非线性特性,建立了光栅掩模槽形演化的数学模型,由此分析和模拟曝光量、条纹对比度对光栅槽形的影响。结果表明:在显影条件确定时,光栅掩模占宽比随光刻胶曝光量的增大而减小,条纹对比度减小,则不仅使光栅占宽比减小,同时也是使光栅槽深减小的主要原因,这样做的前提是预先通过实验和计算确定出一个曝光量上限Ec。该方法能够反映光栅掩模形状的演化规律,为全息光栅参数预测和工艺控制提供依据。