公众盛赞科学，科学家责备公众和媒体

本报告以“公众盛赞科学,科学家责备公众和媒体”为题发表在皮尔研究中心的网站（http：//people-perss.org）上,是皮尔研究中心与美国科促会合作进行的一项调查的报告。报告结果提示了科学家团体和公众对发展优先科学领域,科学研究的阻碍、媒体的科学家共同体间的关系、公众对科学技术知识的理解以及科学家形象的看法等。调查数据对中国科学技术传播领域的同行和对科学传播感兴趣的人有帮助作用。     

光突发交换网络边缘节点的性能模拟与硬件实现

光突发交换(OBS)网络是一种有望实现小粒度、动态光交换的新型光通信网络结构,OBS边缘节点的性能分析与硬件实现对于OBS网络的实用化具有重要意义.以NS-2软件为基础,设计并实现了针对OBS网络的仿真平台,对由3个核心节点和6个边缘节点构成的OBS网络的运行情况(包括路由选择、突发包汇聚、资源利用率等)进行了仿真.同...     

高速双边缘光纤光栅波长解调技术

提出一种双边缘结构对光纤光栅传感进行波长解调的方案,利用被测光谱通过不同光谱特性的滤波器时输出不同光强的比值确定被测光的波长.该系统在解调时不存在任何机械移动部分,比扫描式的解调方法测量速度更快,运行时更稳定、更精确.     

Design and fabrication of one-dimensional focusing X-ray compound lens with Al material

A method based on Fourier spectrum analysis for predicting the performances of the X-ray compound lenses is briefly introduced, the theoretical result obtained is the same as that of Fresnel-Kirchhoff approach. A kind of technique named moulding is developed for fabricating the one-dimensional (1D) compound X-ray lens with Al material and the fabrication process is presented. In addition, a two-time coating method is used to improve the numerical apertures of the compound lenses. Furthermore, the focusing performance of the Al compound X-ray lens under the high energy X-rays is measured.     

光频支声子对二维Heisenberg铁磁系统磁激发的影响

在二维复式正方Heisenberg铁磁系统的基础上建立了磁振子-声子相互作用模型. 利用松原格林函数理论研究了系统的磁激发，计算了布里渊区的主要对称点线上的磁振子色散曲线，比较了光频支声子与声频支声子对系统磁激发的影响以及各项参数的变化对磁振子软化的影响. 发现光频支声子-磁振子耦合对磁振子软化起主要作用，尤其是纵向光频支声子对磁振子软化起更大的作用，并且非磁性离子的光频支声子对磁振子软化的作用比磁性离子的光频支声子对磁振子软化的作用更显著.     

基于叠栅技术的二维亚波长周期结构成像设计

用光子学方法研究了叠栅技术中,当试件光栅被拉压和旋转后,叠栅条纹的空间周期和相对于基准光栅的取向,试件光栅被拉压后的节距等相关问题。根据衍射光波的空间周期可能大于试件光栅空间周期的特点,对二维亚波长周期结构衍射成像进行了设计研究。首先,对二维亚波长周期结构衍射物进行编码,以获得包含编码光栅空间信息的均匀波;其次,使编码得到的均匀波通过光学系统,并被放大到CCD相机所能辨识的大小;再次,经解码光栅解码,滤掉编码波,最终获得二维亚波长周期结构物的空间结构信息,达到超分辨的目的。同时,对成像过程进行了较为详尽的分析,对编码器、解码器的位置以及它们相对衍射物的取向进行了设计研究,对滤波器的选择给予了必要的说明,指出了取得超分辨成像的关键。     

（Ti,Al）N Film on Normalized T8 Carbon Tool Steel Prepared by Pulsed High Energy Density Plasma Technique

Under optimized operating parameters, a hard and wear resistant （Ti,Al）N film is prepared on a normalized T8 carbon tool steel substrate by using pulsed high energy density plasma technique. Microstructure and composition of the film are analysed by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Hardness profile and tribological properties of the film are tested with nano- indenter and ring-on-ring wear tester, respectively. The tested results show that the microstructure of the film is dense ahd uniform and is mainly composed of （Ti,Al）N and A1N hard phases. A wide transition interface exists between the film and the normalized T8 carbon tool steel substrate. Thickness of the film is about lO00nm and mean hardness value of the film is about 26 GPa. Under dry sliding wear test conditions, relative wear resistance of the （Ti, Al）N film is approximately 9 times higher than that of the hardened T8 carbon tool steel reference sample. Meanwhile, the （Ti,Al）N film has low and stable friction coefficient compared with the hardened T8 carbon tool steel reference sample.     

Surface modification of polytetrafluoroethylene film using single liquid electrode atmospheric- pressure glow discharge

Polytetrafluoroethylene films are treated by room temperature helium atmospheric pressure plasma plumes, which are generated with a home-made single liquid electrode plasma device. After plasma treatment, the water contact angle of polytetrafluoroethylene film drops from 114°to 46°and the surface free energy increases from 22.0 mJ/m2 to 59.1 mJ/m2. The optical emission spectrum indicates that there are reactive species such as O2+ , O and He in the plasma plume. After plasma treatment, a highly crosslinking structure is formed on the film surface and the oxygen element is incorporated into the film surface in the forms of -C-O-C-, -C=O, and -O-C=O groups. Over a period of 10 days, the contact angle of the treated film is recovered by only about 10 , which indicates that the plasma surface modification is stable with time.     

解计算题的方法巧谈

计算题是运用数学的手段解决物理问题的一种题型,其特点是: 1.物理知识的综合运用性强 学生必须具有全面地、熟练地掌握物理概念、规律、公式的基础,才能着手解这种题。解题中,又要求学生对物理公式不能死记硬套,要充分理解公式中各量代表什么?公式表述的物理意义是什么?适用的条件是什么?才能达到灵活运用。 2.数学知识的运用性强 解题中,要求学生学会代数式的移项、变形,会乘除化简,会指数运算,会列方程式,解联立方程组等。 3.物理单位运用性强 解这种题,即使公式用对了,计算方法正确,但用错了单位,常造成错