基于自动门控电源的微光像增强器动态范围研究

像增强器作为微光夜视装备的核心器件,其动态范围研究具有重要意义.论述了基于自动门控电源的微光像增强器动态范围扩展的意义,分析讨论了自动门控电源MCP电压、阴极脉冲宽度、阴极脉冲频率、阴极开启电压与微光像增强器动态范围的关系,提出了微光像增强器动态范围估算模型.     

无处不在的化学——探究生命的时钟

This paper mainly introduces the role of isotopes in exploring the origin of life and related principles. In addition, by reviewing the discovery history of isotopes and summarizing the contributions of major scientists, we hope to show the general process of science developments to the public.     

Sphere-cone-polynomial special window with good aberration characteristic

Optical windows with external surfaces shaped to satisfy operational environment needs are known as special windows. A novel special window, a sphere-cone-polynomial (SCP) window, is proposed. The formulas of this window shape are given. An SCP MgF2 window with a fineness ratio of 1.33 is designed as an example. The field-of-regard (FOR) angle is ±75°. From the window system simulation results obtained with the calculated fluid dynamics (CFD) and optical design software, we find that compared to the conventional window forms, the SCP shape can not only introduce relatively less drag in the airflow, but also have the minimal effect on imaging. So the SCP window optical system can achieve a high image quality across a super wide FOR without adding extra aberration correctors. The tolerance analysis results show that the optical performance can be maintained with a reasonable fabricating tolerance to manufacturing errors.     

方形孔径自由曲面反射式系统装调技术研究

针对方形孔径自由曲面反射系统,构造方形域上正交多项式用于波前解析,得到方形孔径系统波像差系数。在计算机辅助装调阶段,为确保装调结果准确,用方形域上正交多项式和光学设计软件来建立系统的灵敏度矩阵,结合自准直干涉法得到的多个视场得波像差来求解系统失调量;在多次迭代后得到系统平均RMS为0.164 1(632.8 nm)实测系统平均传递函数达到0.453 4的理想结果;证明该装调方法正确性,并适用于其他形状孔径自由曲面离轴反射系统式系统装调。     

稀土-氨基多羧酸配合物的配位结构及变化规律Ⅰ氨基三乙酸(nta)、乙二胺四乙酸(edta)和反式-1,2-环己二胺四乙酸(cydta)系列

本文综述了稀土金属离子与一系列氨基多羧酸配体(如nta(=氨基三乙酸),edta(=乙二胺四乙酸),cydta(=反式-1,2-环己二胺四乙酸),dtpa(=二乙三胺五乙酸)和ttha(=三乙四胺六乙酸)等)形成配合物的分子结构和晶体结构,发现了这些配合物的配位规律和结构变化,说明了稀土金属离子象其它过渡金属离子一样,与氨基多羧酸配体形成配合物的配位数和配位结构取决于稀土金属离子的离子半径,电子结构和配体形状以及配电离子等。     

Syntheses and Structural Researches of Nine-coordinate K3[TbIII(nta)2(H2O)]·5.5H2O and Eight-coordinate K3[YbIII(nta)2]·5H2O

The crystal and molecular structures of K3[TbIII(nta)2(H2O)](5.5H2O (nta = nitrilotriacetic acid) and K3[YbIII(nta)2](5H2O complexes have been determined by single-crystal Xray structural analyses. Because TbIII and YbIII have different ionic radii and electronic configura- tions, they take nine- and eight-coordinate structures with two nta ligands, respectively. The crystal of K3[TbIII(nta)2(H2O)](5.5H2O belongs to orthorhombic, space group Pccn with a = 1.6374(7), b = 1.9913(8), c = 1.5068(6) nm, V = 4.913(3) nm3, Z = 8, Mr = 769.54, Dc = 2.081 g/cm3, μ= 3.476 mm-1 and F(000) = 3048. The final R and wR are 0.0432 and 0.0916 for 4961 observed reflections (I > 2.0(σI)), and 0.0814 and 0.1042 for all 21921 reflections, respectively. The [TbIII(nta)2(H2O)]3- complex anion has a nine-coordinate pseudo-monocapped square anti-prismatic structure, in which two N and six O coordinated atoms are from two nta ligands and the left ninth O atom from one water molecule. The crystal of K3[YbIII(nta)2]·5H2O is of monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 1.5579(5), b = 0.9981(3), c = 1.5956(5) nm, β = 109.776(5), V = 2.3348(13) nm3, Z = 4, Mr = 756.62, Dc = 2.153 g/cm3, μ= 4.624 mm-1 and F(000) = 1484. The final R and wR are 0.0253 and 0.0657 for 4123 observed reflections (I > 2.0(σI)), and 0.0320 and 0.0731 for all 9414 reflections, respectively. The [YbIII(nta)2]3- complex anion has an eight-coordination structure with a distorted square antiprismatic prism, in which each nta acts as a tetradentate ligand with one N atom from the amino group and three O atoms from the carboxylic groups.     

近红外光谱法直接检测甜叶菊叶片甜菊糖苷模型建立

使用近红外光谱技术直接扫描甜叶菊干叶片,建立了甜菊苷(stevioside,ST)和莱鲍迪苷A(rebaudioside A,RA)的检测模型。对甜菊苷含量在0.27%~1.40%,莱鲍迪苷A含量在0.61%~3.98%范围内的不同品种的甜叶菊干叶片进行了近红外光谱扫描,共扫描了105份。采用偏最小二乘法建立甜菊糖苷的检测模型,比较了减去一条直线、多元散射校正、一阶导数和二阶导数等不同的光谱预处理方法对模型的影响。结果显示减去一条直线的数据预处理方法为ST的最优建模方法。ST校正集相关系数为0.986,校正均方根误差为0.341,预测均方根误差为1.00,相对分析误差为2.8;RA采用无光谱预处理建模,RA的建模结果相关系数为0.967,校正均方根误差为1.50,预测均方根误差为1.98,相对分析误差为4.17。说明近红外光谱技术检测甜叶菊干叶片中ST和RA的含量具有一定的可行性。同时与甜叶菊粉末ST模型结果相关系数为0.986,校正均方根误差为0.32,预测均方根误差为0.601,相对分析误差为2.86和RA模型结果相关系数为0.968,校正均方根误差为1.50,预测均方根误差为1.48,相对分析误差为4.2相比差异不明显。但减少了叶片粉末检测过程中的烘干、研磨的步骤,节省了时间,降低了工作量。     

无重复因析试验中散度效应的ML估计

在无重复因析试验中,若因子A,B的散度效应显著,则不论其交互效应AB的散度效应是否显著,其散度效应的现有估计常常是有偏的,从而导致其被错误地识别为显著效应.提出了散度效应的一种新的估计方法(称为ML估计),并给出了ML估计的方差的精确表达形式,证明了在一类模型中,交互效应AB的散度效应的ML估计是无偏的.最后,将ML估计与现有的常用估计进行了比较.