SrS:Eu与SrS:Eu,Sm中电子陷阱与光存储研究

对SrS:Eu和SrS:Eu,Sm激发初始阶段的荧光上升过程和余辉进行了研究,并进一步考证其中 电子陷阱的属性.通过两种样品和两个阶段的比较,对陷阱数量和深度的变化、量子效率以 及电子俘获和释放、复合过程进行了分析,发现Sm离子并不影响陷阱的数量.利用吸收光谱 方法研究了SrS:Eu,Sm中电子由陷阱能级向导带的跃迁.通过陷阱饱和-倒空吸收谱差,即激 励吸收谱及其强度随Eu,Sm浓度的变化,探讨了掺杂浓度对陷阱浓度和光存储饱和量的影响. 结果表明Sm离子的作用是使陷阱能级加深从而能稳定地储存电子.通过激励吸收谱峰值强度 可确切地比较光存储材料在这方面的性能,并与光激励谱的测量方法作了对照. 关键词： 电子陷阱 光存储 电子俘获 光激励发光     

柱壳和锥壳结构自由振动特征的数值计算与校验

为了评估柱壳和锥壳结构自由振动特征数值计算的精度,分析不同边界条件、环肋、纵肋以及流体载荷对自由振动特征的影响,计算并校验了典型壳体结构在空气中、浸没以及浸没并充满水情况下的自由振动特征。结果表明,空气中干模态分析在2 kHz内、单面及双面接触水情况下的流固耦合湿模态分析在500 Hz内的计算精度能够控制在10%以内。壳体流固耦合自由振动分析时可以采用实体单元离散也可以采用壳单元离散的方法,前者精度略高,能够有效保证求解收敛的频带范围更宽,但工作量更大。径长比大于0.2时,浸没于水中的自由振动分析可以转换为内部填充水时的自由振动分析,转换时应保证两者流固耦合湿表面积相等,如半浸水和半充满水,能够有效减小计算量;环肋和流体载荷对壳体自由振动特征的影响明显,环肋使柱壳同阶自振频率增加,流体载荷使柱壳同阶自振频率减小且影响幅度更大,两者均会使得柱壳模态振型呈现错序排列;流固耦合效应对无肋柱壳和环肋柱壳自振频率的影响效果相当;柱壳内外有水相对于单面接触水而言,同阶自振频率进一步减小,模态振型基本不变;流体载荷对环肋锥壳的自振频率和模态振型的影响幅度较对环肋柱壳小。      

不同加速层材料对固态阴极射线发光的影响

在固态阴极射线发光中,过热电子碰撞激发有机材料而发光,因此加速层对电子的加速能力是影响器件发光亮度的关键因素之一.分别以SiO2和ZnO作为加速层.制备出两种固态阴极射线发光器件A:ITO/MEH-PPV/SiO2/Al和B:ITO/MEH-PPV/ZnO/Al.通过理论计算比较了电子从电极注入到加速层的隧穿电流密度以及SiO2层与ZnO层的电场强度,计算结果表明:在相同驱动电压下,SiO2作为电子加速层时隧穿电流的密度要大于ZnO层的隧穿电流的密度,并且SiO2层的电场强度比ZnO层的电场强度大.实验结果表明:SiO2作为加速层的器件的发光强度高于以ZnO为电子加速层器件的发光强度.     

铜离子标记免疫法测定甲胎蛋白

本文报道了用铜离子标记一催化放大一免疫分析法测定甲胎蛋白(AFP)。该方法用铜离子代替天然酶标记甲胎蛋白,与其抗体发生异相竞争免疫反应后,采用酸化法释放出标记物中铜离子,利用铜离子对过硫酸铵一邻甲氧基酚一硼酸缓冲液显色体系的催化作用,以催化光度法检测铜,并由此间接测定甲胎蛋白的含量。新建方法可检测10～1000ng／mL的甲胎蛋白,操作方便,成本低。该法用于血清样品AFP测定,相对标准偏差小于5．1％,样品加标回收率为87．0％～96．7％,结果满意。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定不同产地大蒜中11种金属元素的含量

为进一步利用和开发大蒜资源,采用V（硝酸）＋V（高氯酸）=4＋1常压微沸条件下消化,用火焰原子吸收法测定不同产地大蒜中的金属元素Na、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu、K、Zn、Fe、Cr、Cd和Pb的含量。研究了不同元素的仪器最佳工作条件,并做了准确度和精密度的考察。结果表明,大蒜中Na、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu、K、Zn、Fe、Cr、Cd和Ph的含量分别为236．49、1598．21、612.44, 6.27, 15.48, 12 172.41, 126.88, 64.46, 1.67, 1.75, 2.02; 172.84, 1 243.38, 610.05, 5.32, 13.60, 11689.65, 120. 07, 78.91, 1.75, 2. 04, 1.97; 136. 90, 1467.93, 574. 16, 6. 27,16.90, 12 263.45, 146.34, 116.20, 1.82, 2.17, 2.25 μg·g^-1。加标回收率为96．60％～105．80％,相对标准偏差（n=9）为：0．24％～4．81％,测定方法简单易行,方便快捷。     

Performance improvement of MEH-PPV:PCBM solar cells using bathocuproine and bathophenanthroline as the buffer layers

In this work, bathocuproine (BCP) and bathophenanthroline (Bphen), commonly used in small-molecule organic solar cells (OSCs), are adopted as the buffer layers to improve the performance of the polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV): [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction. By inserting BCP or Bphen between the active layer and the top cathode, all the performance parameters are dramatically improved. The power conversion efficiency is increased by about 70% and 120% with 5-nm BCP and 12-nm Bphen layers, respectively, when compared with that of the devices without any buffer layer. The performance enhancement is attributed to BCP or Bphen (i) increasing the optical field, and hence the absorption in the active layer, (ii) effectively blocking the excitons generated in MEH-PPV from quenching at organic/aluminum (Al) interface due to the large band-gap of BCP or Bphen, which results in a significant reduction in series resistance (Rs), and (iii) preventing damage to the active layer during the metal deposition. Compared with the traditional device using LiF as the buffer layer, the BCP-based devices show a comparable efficiency, while the Bphen-based devices show a much larger efficiency. This is due to the higher electron mobility in Bphen than that in BCP, which facilitates the electron transport and extraction through the buffer layer to the cathode.     

某调距导管桨系泊工况水力性能和流激直发声预报

采用经验证的计算流体力学方法,对某艏辅推调距导管桨设计螺距和系泊工况螺距的水动力性能进行了有效预报,并对系泊工况装船桨流激噪声进行了分析。系泊工况下,由于导管桨的抽吸作用在导管外壁近壁面区域存在与导管内部流动方向相反的逆向流动,且导管桨尾流场速度梯度分布不均匀、流动紊乱,此时桨叶与导管的推力之比约为1.2∶1。系泊工况船+桨的瞬态流场脉动信息表明,导管桨各部件噪声源强度均表现出从1倍到4倍叶频依次下降的规律,最强幅值集中在桨叶导边和导管内壁;在远场声源级频谱曲线中轴向测点线谱较高峰值位置体现出导管桨进流流场的流动特性。对比分析该艏辅推整体和各部件宽带声源级指向性,可知旋转部件(桨叶、桨榖)对总噪声级的贡献较大,静止部件是径向测点噪声的主要贡献源。     

Improved performance of P3HT：PCBM solar cells by both anode modification and short-wavelength energy utilization using Tb（aca）3phen

The performance of P3HT:PCBM solar cells was improved by anode modification using spin-coated Tb(aca)3phen ultrathin films. The modification of the Tb(aca)3phen ultrathin film between the indium tin oxide(ITO) anode and the PEDOT:PSS layer resulted in a maximum power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 2.99% compared to 2.66% for the reference device, which was due to the increase in the short-circuit current density(Jsc). The PCE improvement could be attributed to the short-wavelength energy utilization and the optimized morphology of the active layers. Tb(aca)3phen with its strong down-conversion luminescence properties is suitable for the P3HT:PCBM blend active layer, and the absorption region of the ternary blend films is extended into the near ultraviolet region. Furthermore, the crystallization and the surface morphology of P3HT:PCBM films were improved with the Tb(aca)3phen ultrathin film. The ultraviolent–visible absorption spectra,atomic force microscope(AFM), and X-ray diffraction(XRD) of the films were investigated. Both anode modification and short-wavelength energy utilization using Tb(aca)3phen in P3HT:PCBM solar cells led to about a 12% PCE increase.     

Ca₂BO₃Cl:Ce³⁺,Tb³⁺:A novel tunable emitting phosphor for white light-emitting diode

<正>Ca₂BO₃Cl:Ce³⁺,Ca₂BO₃Cl:Tb³⁺,and Ca₂BO₃Cl:Ce³⁺,Tb³⁺ phosphors are synthesized by a high temperature solid-state reaction.The emission intensity of Ce³⁺ or Tb³⁺ in Ca₂BO₃Cl is influenced by the Ce³⁺ or Tb³⁺ doping content,and the optimum concentrations of Ce³⁺ and Tb³⁺ are 0.03 mol and 0.05 mol,respectively.The concentration quenching effect of Ce³⁺ or Tb³⁺ in Ca₂BO₃Cl occurs,and the concentration quenching mechanism is d-d interaction for either Ce³⁺ or Tb³⁺.The Ca₂BO₃Cl:Ce³⁺,Tb³⁺ can produce colour emission from blue to green by properly tuning the relative ratio between Ce³⁺ and Tb³⁺,and the emission intensity of Tb³⁺ in Ca₂BO₃Cl can be enhanced by the energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Tb³⁺.The results indicate that Ca₂BO₃Cl:Ce³⁺,Tb³⁺ may be a promising double emission phosphor for UV-based white light emitting diodes.     

喷水推进器推力的CFD计算方法研究

简要介绍获取喷水推进器推力的理论、试验及数值计算(CFD)方法,重点研究采用动量流量法和壁面积分法计算喷水推进器推力的CFD方法。采用多块网格技术,用六面体结构化网格和四面体非结构化网格相结合的混合网格离散计算区域,采用稳态多参考系方法求解RANS方程,对喷水推进器进水流道、叶轮、导叶体和喷口所组成的整个流场进行数值计算。计算中采用了k-ε湍流模型和标准壁面函数,对用动量流量法计算推力方法中所需的假想流管分界面和进口面的求取做了分析,将两种方法计算的推力与厂商提供的推力特性曲线进行了对比。结果表明,采用CFD计算和分析方法来研究喷水推进系统推力性能是可行、可信的。