Cryptanalysis of Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing of Quantum State Using Entangled States

Security of a quantum secret sharing of quantum state protocol proposed by Guo et al. [Chin. Phys. Lett. 25 （2008） 16] is reexamined. It is shown that an eavesdropper can obtain some of the transmitted secret information by monitoring the classical channel or the entire secret by intercepting the quantum states, and moreover, the eavesdropper can even maliciously replace the secret message with an arbitrary message without being detected. Finally, the deep reasons why an eavesdropper can attack this protocol are discussed and the modified protocol is presented to amend the security loopholes.     

具有双向认证功能的量子秘密共享方案

利用两粒子纠缠态作为经典信息的载体,结合Hash函数和量子本地操作提出了一种可以实现双向认证功能的量子秘密共享方案,并且分析了它的安全性. 这种方案的安全性基于秘密共享双方的认证密钥和传输过程中粒子排列次序的保密. 若不考虑认证和窃听检测所消耗的粒子,平均1个Bell态共享2 bit经典信息. 关键词： 量子秘密共享 认证密钥 量子双向认证 两粒子量子纠缠     

多方控制的量子安全直接通信协议的分析及改进

对一种多方控制的量子安全直接通信协议(WCZT协议)进行了安全性分析,并利用隐形传态给出了一种新的攻击方法.利用该攻击方法,接收方可以在没有征得任何控制方同意的情况下获得发送方的消息,因此该协议是不安全的.对该协议进行了改进,分析表明改进后的协议能够抵抗这种攻击,可以满足多方控制的量子安全直接通信的目的. 关键词： 隐形传态 单光子 多方控制 量子安全直接通信     

三粒子纠缠W态隐形传态的正交完备基展开与算符变换

先是对利用单个两粒子及单个三粒子纠缠态作为量子信道实现三粒子纠缠W态的隐形传态方案进行讨论.然后由波函数的叠加原理与算符变换出发,将体系的总量子量按照Bell基展开实现量子隐形传态,给出了变换算符与实际操作算符之间的联系.进一步验证出变换算符可逆是成功实现三粒子纠缠W态隐形传态的必要条件的结论. 关键词： 三粒子纠缠W态 Bell基展开 变换算符 隐形传态     

Universal Three-Party Quantum Secret Sharing Against Collective Noise

we present a robust and universal quantum secret sharing protocol with four-qubit decoherence-free (DF) states against collective noise. The transmission's safety is ensured by the nonorthogonality of the noiseless states traveling on the quantum channel. Although this scheme uses entangled states for encoding, only single-particle product measurements are required.     

Teleportation attack on the QSDC protocol with a random basis and order

The quantum secure direct communication （QSDC） protocol with a random basis and order is analysed and an effective attack, i.e. teleportation attack, is presented. An eavesdropper can obtain half of the transmitted secret bits with the help of this special attack. It is shown that quantum teleportation can be employed to weaken the role of the order-rearrangement encryption at least in a certain circumstance. Meanwhile, a possible improvement on this protocol is proposed, which makes it secure against this kind of attack.     

An Economical Scheme for Cloning an Unknown M-Qudit Equatorial-Like State with Assistance

We propose a scheme to realize quantum cloning of an unknown M-qudit equatorial-like entangled state. The first stage of the protocol requires teleportation. After the teleportation is accomplished, the receiver can reestablish the original state. In the second stage of the protocol, with the assistance （through a single-particle projective measurement） of the preparer, the perfect copy of an original state can be produced at the site of the sender. Our scheme requires a single maximally entangled qudit pair as the quantum channel and three dits classical communication. The scheme is feasible at the expense of consuming local resources which include M - 1 ancillary qudits introduced by the receiver and additional bi-qudit operations. Moreover, we construct a sort of unitary transformations which ensure ancillary qudits are not necessarily introduced by the sender. Comparing to the previous protocols, the proposed protocol is economical due to that the cost of both quantum nonlocal resources and classical communication is lowest.     

Probabilistic teleportation of a non-symmetric three-particle state

This paper proposes a scheme for teleporting a kind of essential three-particle non-symmetric entangled state, which is much more valuable than a GHZ and W state for some applications in quantum information processing. In comparison with previous proposal of teleportation, the resources of entangled states as quantum channel and the number of classical messages required by our scheme can be cut down. Moreover, it is shown that there exists a class of transformations which ensure the success of this scheme, because the two-particle transformation performed by the receiver in the course of teleportation may be a generic two-particle operation instead of a control-NOT (CNOT) operation. In addition, all kinds of transformations performed by sender and receiver are given in detail.     

An efficient quantum secure direct communication scheme with authentication

In this paper an efficient quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) scheme with authentication is presented, which is based on quantum entanglement and polarized single photons. The present protocol uses Einstein--Podolsky--Rosen (EPR) pairs and polarized single photons in batches. A particle of the EPR pairs is retained in the sender's station, and the other is transmitted forth and back between the sender and the receiver, similar to the `ping--pong' QSDC protocol. According to the shared information beforehand, these two kinds of quantum states are mixed and then transmitted via a quantum channel. The EPR pairs are used to transmit secret messages and the polarized single photons used for authentication and eavesdropping check. Consequently, because of the dual contributions of the polarized single photons, no classical information is needed. The intrinsic efficiency and total efficiency are both 1 in this scheme as almost all of the instances are useful and each EPR pair can be used to carry two bits of information.     

素数元旋转对称弹性布尔函数的构造与计数

通过对素数元旋转对称弹性布尔函数特征矩阵的研究,给出了其特征矩阵的若干性质,得到了素数元旋转对称布尔函数为弹性函数的一个充要条件,由此完全决定了旋转对称弹性函数的构造以及这类函数的精确计数公式,最后还给出了所有的三元、五元、七元旋转对称弹性布尔函数的构造方案与精确计数。