Sub-picosecond chirped laser pulse-induced airflow and water condensation in a cloud chamber

Sub-picosecond chirped laser pulse-induced airflow and water condensation were investigated in a cloud chamber.The results indicate that the positively chirped sub-picosecond laser pulses generate a more uniform intensity distribution inside the plasma column, leading to a weaker airflow and an elliptic-shaped snow pile. The negatively chirped sub-picosecond laser pulses generate a spark-like intensity distribution inside the plasma column, which produces a wider range of airflow and a round snow pile. The amount of snow weight and the concentration of NO_3~- are found to be dependent on the intensity distribution inside the plasma column. The visibly stronger plasma column generates much more snow and a higher concentration of NO_3~-. These experimental results provide a reference for sub-picosecond laser-induced water condensation in realistic atmospheric conditions.     

Generation of few-cycle radially-polarized infrared pulses in a gas-filled hollow-core fiber

We perform a numerical study for temporally compressing radially-polarized(RP) infrared pulses in a gas-filled hollow-core fiber(HCF). The dynamic transmission and nonlinear compression of RP pulses centered at wavelengths of0.8 m, 1.8 m, 3.1 m, and 5.0 m in HCFs are simulated. By comparing the propagation of pulses with the same optical cycles and intensity, we find that under proper conditions these pulses can be compressed down to 2–3 cycles. In the transverse direction, the spatiotemporal beam profile ameliorates from 0.8-m to 1.8-m and 3.1-m pulses before the appearance of high-order dispersion. These results show an alternative method of scaling generation for delivering RP infrared pulses in gas-filled HCFs, which can obtain energetic few-cycle pulses, and will be beneficial for relevant researches in the infrared scope.     

A Novel Method for Measuring the Absolute Phase of a Few—Cycle High Intensity Laser

The effect of the absolute phase of the few-cycle driving laser field on the generation and measurement of highorder harmonic attosecond pulses is investigated theoretically.We find that the generated attosecond soft-x-ray pulse is locked to the oscillations of the driving laser field,but not to the envelope of the laser pulse,and the intensity ratio of two adjacent attosenond pulses is exponential as a function of the absolute phase.Based on these results,we propose a novel method to detect the absolute phase of the driving laser field by measuring the spatial distribution of the photoelectrons induced by the attosecond soft-x-ray pulse and the driving laser field.     

Anisotropic Energetic Ion Emission from Explosionof Intense Laser Irradiated Argon Clusters in a Jet

The interaction of an intense femtosecond laser field (～ 10^16 W/cm^2) with argon clusters in a dense jet has been studied by measuring the energy and angle distributions of emitted ions. A directional anisotropy in the ion explosion energies is observed. The experimental results indicate that the average ion energies are up to 40% in the detection direction parallel to the laser polarization higher than that perpendicular to it. The measured ion yield increases about 80%, correspondingly. The findings are interpreted by charge-dependent ion acceleration and explosion of elliptic microplasma spheres.     

1kHz飞秒激光脉冲在空气中传输成丝的演化过程

利用高重复频率(１kHz)、低能量的飞秒激光脉冲研究激光脉冲在空气中传输成丝的演化过程.采用成像的方法观测飞秒激光脉冲在大气传输过程中光束截面上光强分布变化，以及大气等离子体通道对光强分布的反作用.实验结果表明，激光脉冲在传输过程中先形成双丝结构，再逐渐合并成单丝结构.实验结果与利用非线性薛定谔方程耦合多光子电离的数值模拟结果基本一致. 关键词： 飞秒激光脉冲 等离子体通道 成像     

近场X射线位相衬度成像及位相恢复算法

理论分析了X射线衍射位相成像和近场位相恢复算法。定义了一个最佳成像距离，给出了基于最佳成像距离和特征空间频率的衍射场光强分布新的表达形式。基于模拟位相物体给出了数值模拟结果。由此得出了探测距离和多色辐照对相衬图像和位相恢复结果的影响。本文给出的结果将对同轴x射线相衬成像实验具有一定的指导作用。     

X射线荧光全息术中入射能量对原子像的影响

X射线荧光全息术是一种新型的显微成像技术，它能在原子水平上直接观察到晶体内部的三维结构。然而它所得到的原子像存在明显的孪生像现象。因此，采用多重能量的全息记录来消除孪生像。分别以单个和多个铁原子为模型，数值模拟了它们在4π立体角范围内、不同范围的入射能量的情况下记录的全息图。比较由这些全息图重构得到的原子像，发现入射能量范围越宽，其消除孪生像的效果越好，而且随着入射能量的提高，其原子像的分辨力也越高。     

High-Power Extracavity Pulse Compression in Solid Materials

A novel technique for high-power extracavity pulse compression with a nonlinear solid material is demonstrated. Before spectral broadening by self-phase modulation in the solid material, a short filament generated in argon is used as a spatial filter, which works for a uniform spectrum broadening over the spatial profile. Compensated by chirped mirrors, a 15-fs pulse is generated from a 32-fs input laser pulse. A total transmission larger than 80% after the solid material is achieved.     

激光参数对非理想真空激光光强极限的影响

人类在实验室可实现的激光强度极限是强场量子电动力学（QED）的重要问题。在非理想真空条件下,极端超强激光与残留的电子相互作用触发伽马光子辐射与正负电子对产生的QED级联效应,从而显著消耗激光能量,大幅降低可实现的激光峰值强度。考虑到QED级联效应与激光偏振、焦斑尺寸、脉宽长度有着密切的关系,基于囊括QED过程的粒子网格模拟方法（Particle-in-cell, PIC）对上述参数的效应进行分析,同时构建了激光场演化的自洽方程来进行解释,二者结果基本保持一致,获得的强度极限在考虑的参数范围内为1026～1027 W/cm?2。结果表明,同等情形下,圆偏振激光可激发更强的QED级联,使得激光强度上限略低于线偏振。此外,紧聚焦激光由于QED级联发生的时空间尺度更小,从而激光的吸收效应被显著抑制,进而可以实现更强的聚焦强度。对于更长脉宽的激光,由于正负电子对吸收的能量区域更加弥散,使得可实现的激光强度上限阈值有所提升。但对于超短脉宽情形（如单周期）,由于QED级联的种子源电子束不能很好地被约束在激光区域,理论分析耗散的激光能量偏高。此外,在高真空度的情形下,残余电子的随机性也会对可实现激光强度产生一定的影响。研究结果可为后续开展极端强场QED实验和数100 PW级超强超短激光装置建设提供指导。