A Strength Softening Phase Transition Observed in Shocked （Mg0.92,Fe0.08）SiO3 Perovskite at About 83 GPa

We report the experimental data of Hugoniot longitudinal sound velocity VL for natural （Mg0.92,Fe0.08）SiO3 enstatite sample at about 40-140 GPa, consisting of three new data and five previously reported data but revised by our new Hugoniot equation of state parameters. Three segments, separated by two discontinuities, appear in the VL-PH （shock pressure） plot. Analyses show that the first discontinuity at about 64 GPa, with a sharp increase of VL of about 21%, is judged to be a phase transition from enstatite to Pbnm perovskite （PV）; while the second one at about 83 GPa, with a dramatic decrease of VL of about 23%, is likely caused by a subtle structural change from Pbnm PV to tetragonal PV, accompanied by material strength softening due to melting of oxygen sublattices. This strength softening evidence is obtained first from shock wave experiments, and probably has profound implications for probing into the origin of low seismic velocity anomaly in the Earth＇s lower mantle and thus constraining the geophysical and geochemical models for the Earth＇s lower mantle.     

RbCl和CsCl水溶液结构的X射线散射及经验势结构精修模拟

采用X射线散射法研究了RbCl和CsCl水溶液的结构,利用基于经验势的结构精修(EPSR)方法获得了溶液中的水合Cl^-、Rb⁺、Cs⁺、离子缔合及本体水的对径向分布函数、配位数分布及空间密度分布(3D结构)等结构信息。在水溶液中,Cl^-具有相对稳定的6水合结构,其水合距离为0.321 nm,外加阳离子对其水合作用的影响不明显。7.3 ± 1.4个水分子与Rb⁺水合,其特征水合距离为0.297 nm,8.4 ± 1.6个水分子与Cs⁺水合其水合距离为0.312 nm。Cs⁺不具有第二水合层,而Rb⁺表现出了更强的水合能力,具有较明显的第二水合层。Cl^-、Rb⁺及Cs⁺常被认为是“结构破坏”型离子。从微观角度来看这种所谓的“结构破坏”主要体现在破坏了本体水分子的第二水合层保持四面体构型的趋势。RbCl和CsCl水溶液中部分存在着Rb-Cl和Cs-Cl直接接触离子对,在1.0 mol·dm^-3的溶液中Rb-Cl及Cs-Cl的特征距离分别为0.324和0.336 nm,溶剂分割离子对的距离则都在0.6 nm左右。相对于Cs⁺,Rb⁺与Cl^-离子之间表现出了更强的缔合能力。     

Germanium-on-silicon avalanche photodiode for 1550 nm weak light signal detection at room temperature

To optimize the dark current characteristic and detection efficiency of the 1550 nm weak light signal at room temperature,this work proposes a Ge-on-Si avalanche photodiode [APD) in Geiger mode, which could operate at 300 K. This lateral separate absorption charge multiplication APD shows a low breakdown voltage [Vbr) in Geiger mode of-7.42 V and low dark current of 0.096 n A at unity gain voltage [V_Gain=1=-7.03 V). Combined with an RF amplifier module and counter, the detection syste...     

一种220V/10kV非接触式验电装置的设计与实现

本文提出一种基于双球壳型电场传感器的220V/10k V非接触式验电装置。双球壳型结构主要包含内球壳、外球壳以及绝缘填充介质，可有效降低电场测量中电场畸变造成的影响。说明了电场探头的电场检测原理，并设计了装置整体结构、PCB电路、检测功能，最终成功研制出非接触式交流验电装置样机。最终测试结果表明：验电装置在220V/10k V等级带电线路20cm检测范围内有较好的检测效果，且越靠近带电线路，样机输出电场值的增速越快，越易于识别，验电结果越准确。     

铝合金锁底接头一维振荡激光焊接气孔率分析

采用一维振荡激光对3 mm厚5A06铝合金锁底接头进行焊接，分析振荡幅度、振荡频率、焊接速度以及离焦量对焊缝气孔率的影响。结果表明，随着振荡幅度和离焦量的增大，气孔率明显降低；随着振荡频率的增大，气孔率先降低后升高，最佳振荡频率区间为150～250 Hz;随着焊接速度增大，气孔率先升高后降低；气孔率与深宽比大致成指数式增长关系，深宽比小于1.5时，可将气孔率控制在5%以内。在此基础上，得到优化工艺参数，焊接产品模拟件，焊缝气孔率满足相关标准Ⅰ级要求。