Effects of (LiCe) co-substitution on the structural and electrical properties of CaBi2Nb2O9 ceramics

The piezoelectric, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of the (LiCe) co-substituted calcium bismuth niobate (CaBi₂Nb₂O₉, CBNO) are investigated. The piezoelectric properties of CBNO ceramics are significantly enhanced and the dielectric loss tanδ decreased. This makes poling using (LiCe) co-substitution easier. The ceramics (where □ represents A-site Ca²⁺ vacancies, possess a pure layered structure phase and no other phases can be found. The Ca_0.88(LiCe)_0.04□_0.04Bi₂Nb₂O₉ ceramics possess optimal piezoelectric properties, with piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) and Curie temperature (T_C) found to be 13.3 pC/N and 960 ℃, respectively. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the (LiCe) co-substituted CBNO ceramics exhibit very stable temperature behaviours. This demonstrates that the CBNO ceramics are a promising candidate for ultrahigh temperature applications.     

All-dielectric left-handed metamaterial based on dielectric resonator: design, simulation and experiment

Dipoles with Lorentz-type resonant electromagnetic responses can realise negative effective parameters in their negative resonant region. The electric dipole and magnetic dipole can realise, respectively, negative permittivity and negative permeability, so both the field distribution forms of electric and magnetic dipoles are fundamentals in designing left-handed metamaterial. Based on this principle, this paper studies the field distribution in high-permittivity dielectric materials. The field distributions at different resonant modes are analysed based on the dielectric resonator theory. The origination and influence factors of the electric and magnetic dipoles are confirmed. Numerical simulations indicate that by combining dielectric cubes with different sizes, the electric resonance frequency and magnetic resonance frequency can be superposed. Finally, experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of all-dielectric left-handed metamaterial composed by this means.     

Dual-band frequency selective surface with large band separation and stable performance

A new technique of designing a dual-band frequency selective surface with large band separation is presented.This technique is based on a delicately designed topology of L-and Ku-band microwave filters.The two band-pass responses are generated by a capacitively-loaded square-loop frequency selective surface and an aperture-coupled frequency selective surface,respectively.A Faraday cage is located between the two frequency selective surface structures to eliminate undesired couplings.Based on this technique,a dual-band frequency selective surface with large band separation is designed,which possesses large band separation,high selectivity,and stable performance under various incident angles and different polarizations.     

A Method of Analyzing Transmission Losses in Left-Handed Metamaterials

A method of analyzing transmission loss in left-handed metamaterials （LHMs） is proposed. As a demonstration of this method, transmission loss of LHMs composed of split-ring resonators （SRR） and conducting wires is studied. By means of retrieving and analyzing the effective constitutive parameters, different transmission losses as well as their origins are studied. The results show that the left-handed bandwidth is narrowed because of high loss caused by the non-zero high imaginary parts of the effective permeability and permittivity. In the effective left-handed band, the radiation loss is very low and can be neglected, and the transmission losses are the sum of the substrate loss and the ohmic loss. Moreover, when the dielectric loss tangent of the substrate is greater than 0.003, the substrate loss is higher than the ohmic loss.     

外加电场法制备LiNbO3周期畴的反转电流特性研究

采用外加电场法制备了LiNbO₃单晶周期畴结构. 在对不同尺寸周期畴的反转电流进行比较研究的基础上,提出了一种确定反转畴成核时间和纵向贯穿速率的方法. 根据这一方法,得到在电场强度为25.1kV/mm,脉冲宽度为50 ms的脉冲方波作用下,LiNbO₃单晶反转畴的成核时间约为80ns,纵向贯穿速率约为0.1667m/s. 关键词： 3单晶周期极化')" href="#">LiNbO₃单晶周期极化 反转电流 反转畴成核时间 反转畴纵向贯穿速率     

Second-order interference of two independent and tunable single-mode continuous-wave lasers

The second-order temporal interference of two independent single-mode continuous-wave lasers is discussed by employing two-photon interference in Feynman's path integral theory. It is concluded that whether the second-order temporal interference pattern can or cannot be retrieved via two-photon coincidence counting rate is dependent on the resolution time of the detection system and the frequency difference between these two lasers. Two identical and tunable single-mode continuous-wave diode lasers are employed to verify the predictions. These studies are helpful to understand the physics of two-photon interference with photons of different spectra.     

The design of metamaterial cloaks embedded in anisotropic medium

By using coordinate transformation method, this paper obtains an useful equation of designing meta-material cloaks embedded in anisotropic medium. This equation is the generalization of what was introduced early by Pendry et al (2006 \textit{Science} {312 1780) and can be more widely used. As an example of its applications, this paper deduces the material parameter equation for cylinder cloaks embedded in anisotropic medium, and then offers the numerical simulation. The results show that such a cylinder cloak has perfect cloaking performance and therefore verifies the method proposed in this paper.     

Second-order temporal interference of two independent light beams at an asymmetrical beam splitter

The second-order temporal interference of classical and nonclassical light at an asymmetrical beam splitter is discussed based on two-photon interference in Feynman's path integral theory. The visibility of the second-order interference pattern is determined by the properties of the superposed light beams, the ratio between the intensities of these two light beams, and the reflectivity of the asymmetrical beam splitter. Some requirements about the asymmetrical beam splitter have to be satisfied in order to ensure that the visibility of the second-order interference pattern of nonclassical light beams exceeds the classical limit. The visibility of the second-order interference pattern of photons emitted by two independent single-photon sources is independent of the ratio between the intensities. These conclusions are important for the researches and applications in quantum optics and quantum information when an asymmetrical beam splitter is employed.     

一种极化不敏感和双面吸波的手性超材料吸波体

基于手性结构设计了一种极化不敏感和双面吸波的超材料吸波体.该吸波体的结构单元由手性结构和介质基板组成.仿真的电磁波正、反向入射时超材料吸波体的吸收率表明:该吸波结构的正、反面是互易的,具有双面吸波特性.仿真的不同极化角下超材料吸波体的吸收率表明:该超材料吸波体具有极化不敏感特性.仿真的不同入射角下超材料吸波体的吸收率表明:该超材料吸波体的入射角较窄.仿真的吸波体单元的表面电流和磁能密度分布表明:电、磁场之间存在交叉耦合,吸波与手性有关.仿真的不同损耗情况下超材料吸波体的吸收率表明:基板的介质损耗在吸波过程中起主导作用,金属的电阻热可以忽略不计.该超材料吸波体可能在要求双面吸波的领域中具有潜在的应用. 关键词： 极化不敏感 双面吸波 手性结构 超材料吸波体     

Material parameter equation for rotating elliptical spherical cloaks

By using the coordinate transformation method, we have deduced the material parameter equation for rotating elliptical spherical cloaks and carried out simulation as well. The results indicate that the rotating elliptical spherical cloaking shell, which is made of meta-materials whose permittivity and permeability are governed by the equation deduced in this paper, can achieve perfect invisibility by excluding electromagnetic fields from the internal region without disturbing any external field.