短尾蝮新突触前毒素和细胞毒素的纯化及部分序列

用反相高效液相色谱技术对中国产短尾蝮蛇(Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus)毒中的毒性蛋白重新进行了纯化,结果从中获得了3个由约122个氨基酸残基构成的毒蛋白(AgTx-1,AgTx-2和AgTx-3)。三者对小鼠的LD_(50)分别为0.075,0.51和6.6mg/kg。在小鸡颈二腹肌标本上的毒理分析表明,AgTx-1和AgTx-2均在阻遏接头传递之后,亦不影响肌肉对乙酰胆碱的敏感性。在AgTx-3的作用下,标本的间接收缩则由于舒张不全而逐渐变小,最后停止在挛缩状态。部分氨基酸序列测定结果又表明,AgTx-1和AgTx-2的N-端32肽序列完全相同。考虑到AgTx-1的LD_(50)在粗毒中的含量及其序列等均与前文报道的β-AgTx极为相似,故我们认定它们为同一毒素,并定名为β_1-AgTx。而AgTx-2则应是新的突触前毒素,相应地定名为β_2-AgTx,至于AgTx-3便是新发现的细胞毒素。     

早寒武世放射虫的发现及其意义

用酸蚀法从陕西镇巴县下寒武统下部灰岩中处理出来的保存精美完好的双瓣壳微体化石,经电子探针的成分分析,电子显微镜及光学显微镜下的形态构造研究及薄片研究,证明是一类最古老的放射虫化石。基于这些早寒武世标本的壳质成分及形态构造特点,建立了始小贝虫属(Eoconcharium)和始小贝虫科。     

介绍热天平

1.什么是热天平? 人们很早就知道有些物质在加热过程中重量会起一定的变化;而变化的程度与温度有一定的关系。分析化学家在重量分析中也总结了这方面的经验,例如生成的沉淀须在一定的温度维持相当时间才能达到某个固定化学组成。冶金学家把金属放在一定温度和气氛下,测定重量的变化来研究金属的千腐蚀性。矿物学家应用黏土矿物如水铝石、高岭土等的加热脱水性质,作为鉴定矿物的方法。分析化学中把样品烘干或灼烧至恒重时须等到冷却后才能称重,所以相当费时。又如称氧化铝或氧化锆时,它们的吸水性甚强,在操作上遇到很大的困难。因为这些要求,分析化学家把天平和电炉联起来     

BaCe0.8Ho0.2O3-a陶瓷的性质与应用

Ceramic BaCe0.8Ho0.2O3-α with orthorhombic perovskite structure was prepared by conventional solid state reaction, and its conductivity and ionic transport number were measured by ac impedance spectroscopy and gas concentration cell methods in the temperature range of 600-1000 ℃ in wet hydrogen and wet air, respectively. Using the ceramics as solid electrolyte and porous platinum as electrodes, the hydrogen-air fuel cell was constructed, and the cell performance at temperature from 600-1000 ℃ was examined. The results indicate that the specimen was a pure protonic conductor with the protonic transport number of 1 at temperature from 600-900 ℃ in wet hydrogen, a mixed conductor of proton and electron with the protonic transport number of 0.99 at 1000 ℃. The electronic conduction could be neglected in this case, thus the total conductivity in wet hydrogen was approximately regarded as protonic conductivity. In wet air, the specimen was a mixed conductor of proton, oxide ion and electron hole. The protonic transport numbers were 0.01-0.09, and the oxide-ionic transport numbers were 0.27-0.32. The oxide ionic conductivity was increased with the increase of temperature, but the protonic conductivity displayed a maximum at 900 ℃, due to the combined increase in mobility and depletion of the carriers. The fuel cell could work stably. At 1000 ℃, the maximum short-circuit current density and power output density were 346 mA/cm^2 and 80 mW/cm^2, respectively.     

基于分数阶巴特沃斯滤波器的1000kV特高压远传式SF6密度继电器

由于1000kV特高压设备所处电磁环境复杂,采用现有技术的远传式SF₆密度继电器抗干扰能力差,无法将设备信息准确远传,严重影响特高压设备在线监测。为解决这一问题,利用分数阶巴特沃斯滤波器设计了一种新型抗干扰远传式SF₆密度继电器。通过500kV及1000kV两类组合电器在三种情况下抗干扰试验、极端特殊情况下的电磁干扰试验,表明采用分数阶巴特沃斯滤波器的远传式SF₆密度继电器具有良好的最大抑制倍数,验证了本文方法的有效性、全面性。     

堆积模型及其应用 Ⅰ.三氯化镧尿素配合物[LaCl_2(urea)_6]·Cl分子结构的推测与测定

镧系元素具有形成高配位数的特点,但由简单配位形成的多面体,最高配位数只能达到九,例如,[Ln(H_2O)_9]~(+[2])。有些从化学式来看符合九配位的化合物,如LnCl_3(H_2O)_6实际结构是八配位[LnCl_2(H_2O)_6]~(+[3])或六配位[LnCl_3(H_2O)_3]·3H_2O~[4])。这种情况促使我们对另一系列化合物LnCl_3(urea)_6~[5]产生兴趣。我们根据堆积模型推测LaCl_3(urea)_6的实际结构应当是[LaCl_2(urea)_6]~+Cl~-(见图1、2)。培养了这一化合物的单晶,进行了结构测定。本文报道有关结果。     

Fe(OH)2悬浮液在EDTA作用下氧气氧化生成δ-FeOOH的机理研究

At room temperature and in the presence of trace EDTA, the formation of δ-FeOOH was studied by the rapid oxidation of Fe(OH)2 suspension with O2. The structural and morphological changes were characterized by various techniques such as XRD, FTIR and TEM. γ-FeOOH and (δ-FeOOH) formed simutaneously in the early period of oxidation. But as the rate of mass transfer was in equilibrium, trace (γ-FeOOH) vanished gradually. Accordingly, pure phase δ-FeOOH was obtained. At the same time, critical amount ratio K of EDTA to Fe2+ was verified. The experiments show that the reactivity, rate of the oxidizing agent and pH of the initial medium were important factors for the formation of pure phase (δ-FeOOH). Under the auxiliary effect of EDTA, the reactivity of O2 was nearly improved to that of H2O2. And the process of the oxidation that Fe(OH)2 suspension was oxidized by O2 under that condition was discussed.     

乙酰水扬酸在CTAB胶束溶液中的水解反应

乙酰水扬酸(阿斯匹林)具有较高的药用价值,对它的性质有较多的研究,如在水中的稳定性和水解等。乙酰水扬酸有一个脂键和一个羰基。脂键易水解,水解后药用价值虽未降低,但有很大的副作用,因而研究抑制乙酰水扬酸水解是很有意义的。本文用RD—Ⅲ型热导式自动量热计研究了在十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)胶束溶液中乙酰水扬酸的水解反应热动力学。     

广义簇合物在均匀几率密度场下的生长

通过对广义簇合物生长的自调整模型的解析,得出了粒子在均匀几率密度场下簇合物生长形态的变化特征,揭示了表征其生长形态结构分式维数D的物理意义,同时考查了格子模型对簇合物生长形态的影响以及自调整模型的动力学行为。     

新型氧离子导体La2Mo1.8Ga0.2O9陶瓷的合成及其电性能

通过高温固相合成法首次合成了La₂Mo_1.8Ga_0.2O₉陶瓷样品. 粉末XRD结果表明, 该样品为单一立方相La₂Mo₂O₉结构. 以陶瓷样品为固体电解质、多孔性铂为电极, 采用交流阻抗谱、气体浓差电池、氧泵等方法研究了样品在600～1000 ℃下各种气氛中的离子导电特性. 结果表明, 氧浓差电池电动势的实测值与理论值吻合得很好, 氧离子迁移数为1, 表明该陶瓷样品在该温度下氧气气氛中为一纯氧离子导体; 氧泵(氧的电化学透过)实验结果进一步证实了该样品在氧气气氛中为一纯氧离子导体; 在氧分压p(O₂)＝10^－5～10⁵ Pa的高氧分压气氛中, 电导率与氧分压变化基本无关, 表明在该氧分压范围内样品为纯离子导体, 这与氧浓差电池电动势测定结果相吻合; 在低氧分压为10^－5～10^－15 Pa范围内, 总电导率随氧分压降低而稍有升高, 表明在该氧分压范围样品为氧离子与电子的混合导体; 在600～1000 ℃下氧离子电导率＞10^－2 S•cm^－1, 显著高于母体La₂Mo₂O₉的氧离子电导率, 1000 ℃时的氧离子电导率为0.07 S•cm^－1.