Nested grazing incidence optics for x ray detection

Grazing incidence optics(GIO) is the most important compound in an x-ray detection system; it is used to concentrate the x-ray photons from outer space. A nested planar GIO for x-ray concentration is designed and developed by authors in this paper; planar segments are used as the reflection mirror instead of curved segments because of the simple process and low cost. After the complex assembling process with a special metal supporter, a final circle light spot of φ12 mm was obtained in the visible light testing experiment of GIO; the effective area of 1710.51 mm2@1 ke V and 530 mm2@8 ke V is obtained in the x-ray testing experiment with the GIO-SDD combination, which is supposed to be a concentrating detector in xray detection systems.     

单模块直线变压器脉冲前沿

从理论上对直线变压器驱动源（LTD）输出脉冲波形的前沿进行了分析,研究了不同前沿畸变情况下对应的电路参数,并给出了计算方法,得到了相对电压和相对时间的关系曲线。根据理论分析设计了单模块LTD,并根据设计参数进行了数值模拟,模拟得到的输出脉冲前沿约30 ns、平顶约130 ns、幅值约125 kV。最后进行了单模块LTD实验,测得输出脉冲前沿约35 ns、平顶约130 ns、幅值约125 kV的输出脉冲,与模拟结果基本一致。由于负载不完全匹配等因素的影响,波形后沿较差且有振荡,但仍符合设计要求。     

装架准确度对条纹管性能参量影响的研究

通过理论计算研究装架精度对条纹管性能的影响.计算条纹管偏差装架时的电子轨迹;计算条纹管偏差装架时的空间调制函数以及阴极面处圆图案在最佳相面处的图像,从而研究条纹管装架过程中各电极的偏差安装对条纹管空间分辨率、图像畸变程度的影响.结果表明.各电极的同轴度以及电极筒本身的加工精度是影响条纹管性能指标尤其是空间分辨率的主要因素.     

基于相对论修正的飞秒电子衍射系统

对工作于扫描状态下的飞秒电子衍射系统电子束偏转量的计算方法作了理论研究.讨论了超短电子脉冲宽度的测量方法,比较了相对论效应对电子束的偏转量及对电子束脉冲宽度的的影响,并做了相应的数值计算.计算结果显示,在忽略了电场的边缘效应等因素后,电子束轴向速度的相对论修正与否对偏转距离和电子束脉冲宽度的影响分别达到20 mm和65 fs.     

A Single Photon Imaging System Based on Wedge and Strip Anodes

A new prototype of single photon imaging system based on wedge and strip anodes is developed. The prototype can directly measure the intensity and position information for an ultra-weak radiant source which takes on the character of single photons. The image of the ultra-weak radiant source can be reconstructed with a wedge and strip anodes detector and an electronic readout subsystem by photon counting and photon position sensitive detecting in a period of time. With proper evaluation, the prototype reveals a spatial resolution superior to 150μm, a 66-kHz maximal counting rate and a dark-count below 0.67 count /cm^2 s.     

Light-controlled pulsed x-ray tube with photocathode

Unstable mechanical structure, low energy efficiency, and cooling requirements limit the application of conventional x-ray tubes based on filament as cathode in several academic areas. In this paper, we demonstrate a light-controlled pulsed x-ray tube using multialkali cathode as electron generator. The photocathode active area of the light controlled x-ray tube is 13.2 cm² (41 mm in diameter), which provides high photoelectron-emitting efficiency up to 0.288 mA/lm in 460-nm LED and 2.37-mA maximum tube current. Furthermore, the modulation ability from 1 kHz to 100 kHz of the x-ray tube is tested. The results suggest that the light-controlled pulsed x-ray tube has easy modulation and short x-ray pulse properties and is promising to be the next generation x-ray tube with wide applications in medical radiation therapy as well as the calibration for detectors and scintillators.     

WSZ极紫外探测器及其信号采集电路的研究

采用电荷分割方法设计了WSZ(Wedge-Strip and Zig)极紫外光探测器,其基于MCP的结构和单光子成像的特点使其在极弱光的探测方面具有独特的优势.设计了用于该探测器的快速三通道电荷放大电路和信号采集电路,以探测脉宽100～200 ms、总电荷量1～20 pC的电子脉冲.在真空条件下使用紫外光源对电路进行模拟试验,获得了峰值大小与阳极面板面积成比例的、噪音范围在10 mV以内的三路脉冲信号.模拟实验结果证明,该探测器预计分辨率有望达到100 μm×100 μm.     

楔条形阳极收集器的参量设计与工艺优化

分析了楔条形阳极收集器各参量对探测器主要性能的影响,研究了圆形收集器的设计方法,制定并优化了相应的制作工艺.以此为基础,设计和制作了两块有效探测面积Φ48 mm、周期1.2 mm、绝缘沟道宽度30 μm、电极厚度分别为1 μm和2 μm的圆形收集器.通过对比和分析这两块收集器的电阻和电极电容值以及相应的成像实验,验证了上述研究方法的正确性和“先光刻腐蚀后电镀增厚”工艺方案的可行性.     

一维游标位敏阳极光子计数探测器

报道了一维游标位敏阳极光子计数探测器,详细介绍了一维游标位敏阳极的解码原理和设计结果.搭建了基于一维游标位敏阳极探测器的紫外光子计数探测系统.该系统工作于光子计数模式,可同时测量单光子事件的一维坐标.获得了对应入射光空间强度一维分布的脉冲计数分布图.通过测试,系统的分辨率优于100μm.该探测器可以实现极微弱的高能光子、电子和离子等粒子流强度分布的一维探测,因此可以用于深空探测、光谱测量、高能物理以及生物发光探测.     

楔条形阳极探测器的性能测试与分析

对研制出的楔条形阳极探测器进行了性能分析与实验测试,分析了引起成像畸变的三个重要因素：到达阳极的电子云半径大小、阳极的电容耦合效应和电子读出电路的性能.电子云半径的过大或过小会相应引起成像的 “S”畸变或调制畸变,电容耦合效应和电路噪音也均会引起成像的畸变.此外,测试了探测器的暗计数率、线性度以及空间分辨率等性能,同时分析了微通道板在光照情况下的增益特性和暗计数的一般特性及其产生原因.测试结果表明探测器的成像畸变很小、线性关系较好,空间分辨率优于150 μm,微通道板的暗计数率低于0.4 count/s*cm2.