ITO基底上ZnO薄膜的制备以及刻蚀图形的扫描电化学显微镜表征

在氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃的衬底上,利用直接电沉积方法制备了ZnO纳米线或ZnO薄膜.然后利用存储有HCI刻蚀剂的琼脂糖微图案印章对其进行了化学刻蚀以形成不同的图形.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)分别对ITO衬底上的ZnO薄膜的结构、形貌和电化学性质进行表征.     

一种将三价钛引入锐钛型二氧化钛的新方法:用于有效的光催化产氢（英文）

伴随着科技的日益进步,人们的生活水平有了极大的提升,但是随之而来的环境污染问题也成为当前世界亟待解决的重大问题之一.太阳能是地球上最大的清洁能源来源,有效地利用太阳能将为解决环境污染问题提供巨大的帮助.而光催化技术的一个关键材料就是催化剂,催化剂对太阳能利用的好坏也就决定了光催化技术的应用前景.因此,人们对催化剂的研究也在逐步深入.1972年,Fuiishima和Honda在Nature杂志上首次报道了二氧化钛电极在紫外光照射下分解水产生氢气的现象,自此掀起了半导体光催化的研究热潮.二氧化钛因具有无毒、廉价和耐腐蚀等优点而在光催化领域广受关注.传统白色二氧化钛具有两大劣势(宽的禁带宽度与高的电子/空穴复合率)大大限制了它的应用.人们对于改变二氧化钛性质进行了大量的尝试,例如金属/非金属掺杂、形貌的改变等.黑色二氧化钛(存在大量的氧空位和三价钛)的出现极大地克服了传统白色二氧化钛的缺点,其具有窄的禁带宽度和低的电子/空穴复合速度.目前,黑色二氧化钛的制备方法大致分为以下几种:(1)高压下氢化;(2)高温常压下氢化;(3)铝热还原法;(4)溶液蒸发法;(5)化学氧化法;(6)电化学还原等.由于更简单安全(不涉及氢气使用)和更好的可见光光催化活性,三价钛自掺杂的二氧化钛从这些方法中脱颖而出.迄今为止,诱导三价钛的方法通常是能量密集型的,涉及不稳定的Ti原料(如TiO和TiH_2).研究用于制备三价钛自掺杂二氧化钛的新方法是十分必要的.我们以稳定的钛粉为原料,通过简单的方法将三价钛和氧空位成功地引入锐钛型二氧化钛.通过X射线衍射、场致发射扫描电子显微镜等技术研究了制备样品的物理化学性质,发现H_2O_2和水热反应时间对纳米棒型微观形貌的形成至关重要.通过调整诸如H_2O_2量和水热反应时间的参数,根据实验结果提出了形成这种微观结构的可能机制.更重要的是,可见光区域的光吸收受到样品中氧空位量的控制,存在氧空位的最佳值使光催化产氢活性最高.     

小波多尺度分析在重力仪数据处理中的应用研究

为了有效地消除重力异常畸变对重力仪测量数据的影响，得到更高精度的重力异常测量值，在分析小波多尺度分析原理的基础上，首次将其应用到重力仪数据处理中，并与自适应卡尔曼滤波进行了对比分析，以实际数据与处理后数据偏差平方和的平均数作为衡量两种数据处理方法性能的指标。理论分析和仿真实验表明：小波多尺度分析和自适应卡尔曼滤波都能在一定程度上抑制重力异常畸变对重力仪测量数据的影响，但小波多尺度分析的性能优于自适应卡尔曼滤波。     

Comparison benchmark between tokamak simulation code and TokSys for Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor vertical displacement control design

Vertical displacement event(VDE) is a big challenge to the existing tokamak equipment and that being designed. As a Chinese next-step tokamak, the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR) has to pay attention to the VDE study with full-fledged numerical codes during its conceptual design. The tokamak simulation code(TSC) is a free boundary time-dependent axisymmetric tokamak simulation code developed in PPPL, which advances the MHD equations describing the evolution of the plasma in a rectangular domain. The electromagnetic interactions between the surrounding conductor circuits and the plasma are solved self-consistently. The TokSys code is a generic modeling and simulation environment developed in GA. Its RZIP model treats the plasma as a fixed spatial distribution of currents which couple with the surrounding conductors through circuit equations. Both codes have been individually used for the VDE study on many tokamak devices, such as JT-60U, EAST, NSTX, DIII-D, and ITER. Considering the model differences, benchmark work is needed to answer whether they reproduce each other's results correctly. In this paper, the TSC and TokSys codes are used for analyzing the CFETR vertical instability passive and active controls design simultaneously. It is shown that with the same inputs, the results from these two codes conform with each other.     

Second Harmonic Generation of Femtosecond Laser at One Micron in a Partially Deuterated KDP

Partially deuterated KDP is an ideal nonlinear crystal for second-harmonic generation （SHG） of femtosecond lasers at 1 μm, which features with vanished group-velocity mismatch at its retracing point of phase-matching. We numerically investigate the characteristics of SHG with femtosecond lasers in a partially deuterated KDP, which shows that group-velocity dispersion plays an important role. This spectrally non-critical phase-matching configuration can support both high efficiency and large acceptance bandwidth.     

A divertor plasma configuration design method for tokamaks

The efficient and safe operation of large fusion devices strongly relies on the plasma configuration inside the vacuum chamber.It is important to construct the proper plasma equilibrium with a desired plasma configuration.In order to construct the target configuration,a shape constraint module has been developed in the tokamak simulation code(TSC),which controls the poloidal flux and the magnetic field at several defined control points.It is used to construct the double null,lower single null,and quasi-snowflake configurations for the required target shape and calculate the required PF coils current.The flexibility and practicability of this method have been verified by the simulated results.     

氢水平衡法制备二氧化钒薄膜及XPS能谱分析

采用溶胶－凝胶法，结合氢水平衡还原处理得到了二氧化钒薄膜，对薄膜的XPS能谱分析及对反应体系的热力学分析表明，氢水 平衡还原处理是制备二氧化钒薄膜的一种可行方法。     

Scattering-Enhanced Femtosecond Optical Parametric Generation

Scattering-enhanced femtosecond optical parametric generation （OPG） has been observed and studied in detail, which may decrease the pump threshold of OPGs dramatically and may make OPGs reliable. The experimental demonstration in a LiNbO3 crystal shows that strong enough OPG can be obtained at pump intensity of only about 30GW/cm2 which is well below the crystal damage threshold Either a synchronized pulsed laser or a cw laser has been used as the scattering source, of which the wavelength, spectral shape and irradiating angle are not strictly required.     

利用共溅射方法实现硅基材料上的纳米Ge的可见光发射

如何实现硅基材料的发光,一直是很受重视的一个研究方向。以往是通过硅基外延生长直接带隙材料或锗硅超晶格的途径实现Si基材料发光。90年代初发倪的多孔硅发光[1],引起人们的广泛关注,对多孔硅的制备工艺、发光特性、机理和定性以及可能的应用等方面进行了广泛的研究。但至今尚没有阐明发光机理,而且多孔硅存在结构脆弱、对环境敏感、不易实现电注入等问题。     

温稠密参数下的双流不稳定性分析

温稠密物质状态是惯性约束聚变过程及天体演化过程中的重要物质发展阶段。随着密度的增加,量子效应逐渐显现并导致包括温稠密参数下集体激发行为与经典等离子体模型之间出现差异。密度泛函动理学方法是基于含时密度泛函理论建立的统计模型,并依据Wigner分布函数(相空间量子力学)发展的动理学输运方法,可以有效弥补经典等离子体理论对量子效应的忽略。基于密度泛函动理学方法,发现温稠密特征参数内费米狄拉克分布、交换关联效应、量子衍射效应等性质都对双流不稳定性起到抑制作用。密度泛函动理学方法有望为等离子体视角研究温稠密系统输运性质提供第一性的理论平台。