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41.
MODELING HARVEST SCHEDULING IN MULTIFUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF FORESTS FOR LONGTERM WATER YIELD OPTIMIZATION
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HAYATI ZENGIN ÜNAL ASAN SINAN DESTAN MURAT ENGIN ÜNAL AHMET YEŞIL PETE BETTINGER AHMET SALIH DEĞERMENCI 《Natural Resource Modeling》2015,28(1):59-85
In this study, wood production and hydrologic functions of forests were accommodated within a planning procedure for separate working circles (areas dedicated to certain forest functions) that were delineated according to an Ecosystem‐Based Functional Planning approach. Mixed integer goal programming was used as the optimization technique. The timing and scheduling of a maintenance cutting (partial harvest) was the decision variable in the modeling effort, and an original formulation was developed as a multiobjective planning procedure. Four sample planning strategies were developed and model outputs were evaluated according to these strategies. Spatial characteristics of stands were considered, and used to prohibit the regeneration of adjacent stands during the same time period. Because of the positive relationship between qualified water production and standing timber volume in the forest, the model attempts to maximize qualified water production levels by increasing standing volume stocks in the forest through the delay of regeneration activities. 相似文献
42.
Phosphonic acid functional polymers are currently of interest because of their high proton conductivity in humidified and anhydrous systems. In addition, heterocyclic compounds are used in anhydrous proton conducting polymer membranes. In that study, a new copolymer based on 1‐vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole (VTri) and diisopropyl‐p‐vinylbenzyl phosphonate (VBP) was synthesized, and their thermal, chemical, and proton conducting properties were investigated. The copolymers were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of the corresponding monomers at several monomer feed ratios to obtain P(VTri‐co‐VBP) copolymers. The copolymer samples were then hydrolyzed to produce poly(vinyl triazole‐co‐vinyl phosphonic acid) copolymers. The composition of the copolymers was determined by elemental analysis. The copolymerization and hydrolysis reactions were verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ion exchange capacity measurements. Thermogravimetry analysis indicates that the copolymers are thermally stable up to 300°C. In order to increase the proton conductivity, the copolymers were doped with H3PO4 at several stoichometric ratios. The proton conductivity increases with triazole and phosphoric acid content. In the absence of humidity, the copolymer electrolyte, P(VTri‐co‐VBPA)1:0.5 X = 2, showed a proton conductivity of 0.005 S/cm at 150°C. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
43.
Nonmetal cation (NMC) pentaborate structures were synthesized using the amino acid molecules as cations precursors. Chemical composition analysis, infrared spectroscopy, mass analysis, boron nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA) methods were used for structural characterization. The hydrogen storage efficiency of molecules was also determined experimentally. The recorded infrared spectra support the structural similarities of the molecules. Stretchings of pentaborate rings and characteristic peaks of amino acids were detected in infrared spectra. When the thermal analysis curves were recorded, it was found that the structures showed similar decomposition steps. Due to the result of thermal decay, glassy boron oxide (B2O3) formation was observed as the final decomposition products of all molecules. Peaks associated with boric acid, triborate, and pentaborate were observed in the 11B spectra of these salts. Powder X-ray diffraction spectroscopy supports the presence of BO3 and BO4− groups regarding the presence of pentaborate rings. It also indicates the high crystallinity of the structures. The molecular cavities detected by brunauer–emmett–teller analysis were found to be 3.586, 1.922, 1.673, and 1.923 g/cm3. Low-molecular cavities can be attributed to the high hydrogen-bonding capacity of the structures. The hydrogen capture efficiency of the pentaborate salts was found to be in the range of 0.039-0. 相似文献
44.
利用化学计量学二阶校正方法结合高效液相色谱对枣花蜜中10种酚酸类物质的快速定量分析进行了研究。首先通过验证样本研究了所建立模型的准确性。结果显示:10种酚酸类物质的线性相关系数(R)为0.9982~0.9999,平均回收率为97.6%~101.1%,说明所建立的模型稳定可靠。其次,通过模拟蜂蜜试验,确定了固相萃取柱的种类及操作条件(HLB柱,酸化水淋洗,甲醇洗脱)。最后,利用模拟蜂蜜得到的最优条件结合化学计量学二阶校正方法,测定了枣花蜜中10种酚酸类物质的含量,并测得其加标回收率为62.1%~93.8%,考虑到目标分析物的种类较多,且蜂蜜基质极为复杂,该结果基本满足要求。另外,还利用统计与品质因子验证了试验方法的可靠性,结果令人满意。该方法具有简单、快速等优点,可用于复杂基质中多种目标分析物的同时定量分析。 相似文献
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Remziye Güzel Haslet Ekşi Zafer Üstündağ Ali Osman Solak 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2013,45(13):1821-1829
In this study, 4‐thiophenol modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by the reduction of 4‐diazothiophenol tetrafluoroborate salt. Silver nanoparticles were attached to the thiophenol modified surface to prepare a thiophenol‐silver nanoparticle composite film. 4‐Aminothiopenol molecules were deposited by self‐assembling technique to form multi‐layered nanofilms of TP/SNP/PhNH2 on glassy carbon substrate. These surfaces were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reflectance‐absorption infrared spectroscopy, and ellipsometry at each multilayer film growth process. Atomic force microscopic images of GC/TP/SNP/PhNH2 surfaces were also acquired. The characterization methods show that the amine group containing surface permits the subsequent modification by a variety of coupling reactions for the immobilization of more complex systems. An application of the electrode modification for the determination of uric acid with a significantly lower detection limit is described. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
48.
以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)改性环氧树脂(HYSZ)为粘合剂,Sm2O3为功能颜料,纳米SiO2为微纳结构改性剂,制备得到了一种同时具有良好疏水性能和附着力的近红外吸收涂层。系统分析了PDMS和HYSZ质量比、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)添加量、总填料添加量、 Sm2O3和纳米SiO2质量比对涂层性能的影响。结果表明:PDMS改性可明显降低涂层的表面能,从而使涂层的疏水性得到明显增强。利用DOP强化涂层韧性和微观搭桥作用可增强涂层整体性,从而可明显提高涂层的附着力和近红外吸收性能。涂层的表面粗糙度可随总填料添加量的增加而明显升高,进而可使涂层表现出更优的疏水性能。当涂层中PDMS和HYSZ质量比、 DOP添加量、总填料添加量、 Sm2O3和纳米SiO2质量比分别为1∶9, 20%, 50%和5.5∶4.5时,涂层同时具有良好的近红外低反射率(59.1%)、疏水性能(水接触角为137°)及附着力... 相似文献
49.
蓝宝石作为五大名贵宝石之一,经济价值极高,其中“皇家蓝”、“矢车菊蓝”最为昂贵。而水热法可合成出颜色与“皇家蓝”色极为相似的蓝宝石,且合成出的晶体较大,可通过切磨加工获得内部纯净的样品,仅凭外观及常规方法难以鉴别。选取了7颗水热法合成蓝色蓝宝石为实验对象,采用LA-ICP-MS、拉曼光谱仪、红外光谱仪、紫外-可见分光光度计和三维荧光光谱仪,对其化学成分、谱学特征进行研究,并与外观极为相似的天然蓝宝石、焰熔法合成蓝宝石进行对比分析。分析表明,水热法合成蓝宝石总体成分较为单一,而天然蓝宝石则含有丰富的微量元素。三种样品拉曼光谱均呈现典型的刚玉振动模式,显示A1g和Eg振动模的拉曼峰。在红外光谱的指纹区,三种样品的吸收峰均无明显差别,与拉曼光谱的结果耦合。但在官能团区3 000~4 000 cm-1波数范围,水热法合成蓝宝石存在由含水矿物包裹体产生的羟基振动峰,而天然蓝宝石和焰熔法合成蓝宝石未显示此特征。紫外-可见光谱表明三种样品均为Fe2+-Ti4+对致色,但水热法与焰熔法合成蓝宝... 相似文献
50.
A comprehensive set of spectra for the benzene cation and the perdeuterated benzene cation has been recorded with full rotational resolution using zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy (ZEKE) at high resolution (up to 0.2 cm?1), using a slow-rising extraction pulse. With different rovibronic levels in the S1 6l state as intermediate resonance, the rotational transitions to the vibronic ground state of the cation have been recorded using two-colour, two-photon resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization. A simple spectator model has been employed to simulate the intensities of the ZEKE transitions. By fitting the simulations to the recorded spectra, improved values for the rotational constants and the Coriolis coupling parameters of benzene and perdeuterated benzene have been obtained. The CC and CH bond lengths of the cation have been deduced. The spectator model is shown to be reliable despite the fact that no specific allowance is made for the effect of final state interactions on the signal intensity. 相似文献