An efficient electrophilic N-amination utilizing in situ generated chloramine under phase transfer conditions

An efficient, one-pot, phase transfer N-amination technology was developed. The protocol utilizes chloramine, an inexpensive and safe electrophilic aminating agent potentially viable for commercial manufacturing.     

Some inhomogeneous magnetized viscous-fluid cosmological models with varyingΛ

Some cylindrically symmetric inhomogeneous viscous-fluid cosmological models with electromagnetic field are obtained. To get a solution a supplementary condition between metric potentials is used. The viscosity coefficient of bulk viscous fluid is assumed to be a power function of mass density. Without assuming anyad hoc law, we obtain a cosmological constant as a decreasing function of time. The behaviour of the electromagnetic field tensor together with some physical aspects of the model are also discussed.     

Effect of the three-body force on triton asymptotic normalization constants by the hyperspherical harmonics expansion method

We investigate the change in the calculated value of asymptotic normalization constant (ANC) by the hyperspherical harmonics expansion method with the inclusion of three nucleon force (3BF) in addition to two nucleon force. We see that ANC does not change very much with the inclusion of 3BF indicating that the 3BF does not alter the asymptotic behaviours of HHE wavefunction significantly.     

Telecommunications: at least a phone in every village

India is home to more than 850 million people, but to very few telephones. For every thousand inhabitants, it has only about eight phones, versus an average of 100 in the developing world, and 600 in developed countries. Here, the author describes how liberalization, in short, while forcing Indian manufacturers to compete against multinationals with state-of-the-art technologies, is opening up opportunities in improving this situation. Indian companies will continue working with the multinationals on joint development, not only as a way of leap-frogging into the state of the art, but to bring the country up to world standards in the availability and quality of its telecommunications     

On the effect of a longitudinal magnetic field on oscillatory characteristics of a subnormal region in discharge in argon

Oscillating nature of current pulses under d.c. excitation in subnormal region with longitudinal magnetic field at pressure range 0.20 torr to 0.85 torr have been studied. The frequency, bandwidth, peak-peak voltage, cut-off current and rise time of the current pulses have been observed with pressure, average tube current and magnetic field. A study of these oscillograms in magnetic field, average tube current and pressure are presented. The probable mechanism for the generation of oscillation based on space-charge field modification with magnetic field is discussed     

Morphologies of microporous polyethylene and polypropylene crystallized from solution in supercritical propane

The morphologies of solvent-free, microporous, mechanically self-supporting cylinders of linear polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene, crystallized from solution in supercritical propane, were examined by an SEM technique. The morphology of gels (or foams), obtained with little or no shrinkage from 2% to 35% solutions by weight of polyethylene (99% to 85% porosities), is shown in some detail. Lamellae with very little or considerable mutual organization occur, often in the form of stacks with straight or coiled axes (axialites). Further growth of these can lead to particles with a roughly spherical overall shape and a predominantly radial orientation of the lamellae at the particle surface. Subcooled isotactic polypropylene, on the other hand, crystallizes in the form of perfectly shaped birefringent microspheres of very uniform size. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A heteropolynuclear R2[S2WS2Re(O)(Cl)S2WS2] (R = PPh4 and Et4N) complex. The first example of a tetrathiometalate ligand co-ordinated to an oxo-metal core

A solution of [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] in benzene reacts with solid (NH4)2WS4, in the presence of traces of H2O, to give [ReOCl(WS4)2]2–, isolated as its PPh4 (1) and NEt4 (2) salts. Both (1) and (2) exhibit (Re=O) at ca. 930, (Re=Cl) at ca. 330 (W=S)t at ca. 495 and (W–S–Re) bridging vibration at ca. 460cm–1. The FAB mass spectrum of (1) shows a peak for [ReO(WS4)2]+(m/z=826 amu) in the positive mode and that for PPh4[ReOCl(WS4)]– (m/z=889amu) in the negative mode, confirming the suggested composition. This is the second example of a d2 metal ion forming a tetrathiometalate complex and also the first example of an oxometal ion (excepting those of W and Mo) forming a molecular complex with tetrathio- tungstate or -molybdate ligands.     

Substituent electronic effects on the persistence and absorption spectra of (Z)-o-xylylenols. A nanosecond laser flash photolysis study

[reaction: see text] A systematic investigation on a broad set of aldehydes reveals that the lifetimes of (Z)-photoenols can be modulated by variation of the substituents. We have found that the lifetimes of (Z)-enols (in benzene) can be varied by more than 1 order of magnitude with a judicious choice of the substituents that exert mesomeric and inductive effects as, for example, in the case of pentamethylbenzaldehyde (tau = 35 ns) and dicyanomesitaldehyde (tau = 760 ns). This study thus points to the fact that the electronic factors in conjunction with hydrogen bonding stabilization can considerably broaden the uni- as well as bimolecular chemistry based on photoenolization. Further, we have shown that the photoenols exhibit dramatic shifts in their absorption properties with variation of the substituents; although the photoenols have long been considered to be colored, their absorption properties have not been heretofore comprehensively examined.     

Sulfated nanozirconia: an investigation on acid-base properties and n-butane isomerization activity

Hydrated zirconia was synthesized by an organo-inorganic route employing surfactant and was sulfated using aqueous ammonium persulfate, followed by drying at 110 degrees C. The sample thus obtained was calcined at 600 degrees C to obtain sulfated zirconia and was characterized by several physicochemical methods. Crystallite sizes of sulfated zirconia were calculated from X-ray line broadening using the Debye-Scherer equation and were found to be in the range of 25 nm. When pretreated in air, the catalyst was found to exhibit butane isomerization activity at a temperature as low as 35 degrees C under atmospheric pressure. It showed conversion as high as 37% at 100 degrees C under normal pressure when pretreated in air, whereas nitrogen-pretreated catalyst showed zero activity under similar conditions. NH(3) and CO(2) temperature-programmed desorption studies on air- and helium-pretreated samples indicated that the catalyst surface changes appreciably during air pretreatment. Results on butane isomerization in conjunction with TPD studies suggest that zirconium-oxy sites play an important role in butane activation during the reaction.