Syntactic characterization of closure under connected limits

Summary We give a syntactic characterization of (finitary) theories whose categories of models are closed under the formation of connected limits (respectively the formation of pullbacks and substructures) in the category of all structures. They are also those theories whose consistent extensions by new atomic facts admit in each component an initial structure (respectively an initial term structure), and also thoseT for whichM(T) is locally finitely multi-presentable in a canonical way. We also show that these two properties of theories are nonuniform.     

The frequency scale of speech intonation.

In intonation research, prominence-lending pitch movements have either been described on a linear or on a logarithmic frequency scale. An experiment has been carried out to check whether pitch movements in speech intonation are perceived on one of these two scales or on a psychoacoustic scale representing the frequency selectivity of the auditory system. This last scale is intermediary between the other two scales. Subjects matched the excursion size of prominence-lending pitch movements in utterances resynthesized in different pitch registers. Their task was to adjust the excursion size in a comparison stimulus in such a way that it lent equal prominence to the corresponding syllable in a fixed test stimulus. The comparison stimulus and the test stimulus had pitches running parallel on either the logarithmic frequency scale, the psychoacoustic scale, or the linear frequency scale. In one-half of the experimental sessions, the test stimulus was presented in the low register, while the comparison stimulus was presented in the high register, and, conversely, for the other half of the sessions. The result is that, in all cases, stimuli are matched in such a way that the average excursion sizes in different registers are equal on the psychoacoustic scale.     

实验研究二维圆柱后尾流中涡脱落的有序和混沌现象

本文给出了在Re=50—400范围内二维圆柱后涡脱落的有序和混沌现象的一些初步实验结果。涡脱落由有序到混沌的转捩发生在Re=184.6—193.5之间,但是它不是通过准周期途径。在涡脱落频率与Re数的关系曲线上有两个间断。在Re=70处的间断可能对应于倾斜涡脱落模式的变化,在Re≈193.5处的第二间断对应于由有序到混沌状态的转捩。     

Diffusion from sessile droplets through membranes

We analyze diffusion from a periodic array of hemispherical droplets through a membrane. We find that the multiple sources do not interact strongly, even when the droplets are closely spaced, so that the flux through the membrane appears nearly additive.     

Angular dependent rayleigh scattering of Mössbauer radiation on proteins

RSMR experiments with⁵⁷Fe radiation were performed on myoglobin. An areasensitive detector was employed for simultaneous angular dependent collection of the scattered quanta up to a maximum angle 2θ of 17‡. Experimental data of polycrystalline and lyophilized myoglobin are compared with computer calculations of the scattering which are based on the atomic coordinates determined by X-ray structure analysis. Special attention has been paid to the influence of coherence effects from collectively moving parts of the protein. A simple model is introduced in order to take into account these segmental motions. Our first results indicate that the sizes of collectively moving segments are comparable with spheres of about 6 å in diameter in dry myoglobin. In myoglobin crystals, where the molecules are surrounded by large hydration shells, the movements appear to be correlated in segments with sizes comparable to helices.

     

PureSU(2) gauge field

The general structure of the pureSU(2) gauge potentials is calculated in detail. It is shown that the expansion of the gauge potentials about nonvanishing pure gauge potentials gives rise to new effects with confinement character.     

Wavelength and power monitoring of DWDM systems using scanning F–P filter calibrated with a F–P laser

A novel technique to overcome the long-term drift and hysteresis of a scanning Fabry–Perot filter was developed and applied to wavelength and power monitoring of DWDM system. By using the comb peaks generated by a temperature-stabilized, near threshold-biased Fabry–Perot diode laser as wavelength reference for the scanning Fabry–Perot filter, wavelength and power measurement accuracy of better than ±10 pm and 0.2 dB, respectively, were achieved.     

To-and-fro motion of W5Si3 on a beta-Si3N4 substrate at elevated temperatures.

Behavior of fine crystalline particles of W5Si3 on a beta-Si3N4 substrate at high temperatures was observed by an in situ heating experiment in a transmission electron microscope. Some of the fine particles of W5Si3 moved in a to-and-fro manner.     

Splittings of finitely generated groups over two-ended subgroups

We describe a means of constructing splittings of a one-ended finitely generated group over two-ended subgroups, starting with a finite collection of codimension-one two-ended subgroups. In the case where all the two-ended subgroups have two-ended commensurators, we obtain an annulus theorem, and a form of the JSJ splitting of Rips and Sela. The construction uses ideas from the work of Dunwoody, Sageev and Swenson. We use a particular kind of order structure which combines cyclic orders and treelike structures. In the special case of hyperbolic groups, this provides a link between combinarorial constructions, and constructions arising from the topological structure of the boundary. In this context, we recover the annulus theorem of Scott and Swarup. We also show that a one-ended finitely generated group which contains an infinite-order element, and such that every infinite cyclic subgroup is (virtually) codimension-one is a virtual surface group.

     

A note on minimum degree conditions for supereulerian graphs

A graph is called supereulerian if it has a spanning closed trail. Let G be a 2-edge-connected graph of order n such that each minimal edge cut SE(G) with |S|3 satisfies the property that each component of G−S has order at least (n−2)/5. We prove that either G is supereulerian or G belongs to one of two classes of exceptional graphs. Our results slightly improve earlier results of Catlin and Li. Furthermore, our main result implies the following strengthening of a theorem of Lai within the class of graphs with minimum degree δ4: If G is a 2-edge-connected graph of order n with δ(G)4 such that for every edge xyE(G) , we have max{d(x),d(y)}(n−2)/5−1, then either G is supereulerian or G belongs to one of two classes of exceptional graphs. We show that the condition δ(G)4 cannot be relaxed.