Anomalies of the free loop wave equation in the WKB approximation

We derive a well-defined, reparametrization invariant expression for the next to leading term in the small ? expansion of the euclidean loop Green functional ψ($\text{C}$). To this order in ?, we then verify that ψ($\text{C}$) satisfies a renormalized loop wave equation, which involves a number of local, but non-harmonic anomalous terms. Also, we find that the quantum fluctuations of the string give rise, in 3 + 1 dimensions, to a correction of the static quark potential by an attractive Coulomb potential of universal strength $\text{α}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>string</mtext>}}\text{=}\text{1}\text{12}\text{π}$.     

Dynamical charges in the quantized renormalized massive Thirring model

Within Luther's approach to the quantization of the massive Thirring model we construct infinitely many commuting local, conserved charges for the lattice theory. The values of these charges on soliton, antisoliton and breather states are calculated exactly. Scattering processes for these particles are discussed and it is shown that there is no particle production in the lattice nor in the renormalized continuum massive Thirring model.     

Constraints in container loading – A state-of-the-art review

Container loading is a pivotal function for operating supply chains efficiently. Underperformance results in unnecessary costs (e.g. cost of additional containers to be shipped) and in an unsatisfactory customer service (e.g. violation of deadlines agreed to or set by clients). Thus, it is not surprising that container loading problems have been dealt with frequently in the operations research literature. It has been claimed though that the proposed approaches are of limited practical value since they do not pay enough attention to constraints encountered in practice.     

Data Acquisition and Diagnostic System for Prototype of PANDA Pellet Target

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - In the PANDA experiment of the FAIR project, it is proposed to use internal targets based on the hydrogen isotopes that provide a monodisperse regime of flow generation...     

Global conformal invariance in quantum field theory

Suppose that there is given a Wightman quantum field theory (QFT) whose Euclidean Green functions are invariant under the Euclidean conformal groupSO _e (5,1). We show that its Hilbert space of physical states carries then a unitary representation of the universal (-sheeted) covering group* of the Minkowskian conformal group SO _e (4, 2)₂. The Wightman functions can be analytically continued to a domain of holomorphy which has as a real boundary an -sheeted covering of Minkowski-spaceM ⁴. It is known that* can act on this space and that admits a globally*-invariant causal ordering; is thus the natural space on which a globally*-invariant local QFT could live. We discuss some of the properties of such a theory, in particular the spectrum of the conformal HamiltonianH=1/2(P ⁰+K ⁰).As a tool we use a generalized Hille-Yosida theorem for Lie semigroups. Such a theorem is stated and proven in Appendix C. It enables us to analytically continue contractive representations of a certain maximal subsemigroup of to unitary representations of*.     

Neue Oxonium-Bromochalkogenate(IV) — Darstellung,Struktur und Eigenschaften von [H3O][TeBr5] · 3C4H8O2 und [H3O]2[SeBr6]

New Oxonium Bromochalcogenates(IV) — Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of [H₃O][TeBr₅] · 3 C₄H₈O₂ and [H₃O]₂[SeBr₆] Dark red crystals of the composition [H₃O][TeBr₅] · 3 C₄H₈O₂ ( 1 ) were isolated from a saturated solution of TeBr₄ in 1,4-dioxane containing a small amount of water. In this compound (space group P2₁/m, a = 8.922(4) Å, b = 13.204(7) Å, c = 9.853(5) Å, β = 91.82(4)° at 150 K) a square pyramidal [TeBr₅]^? anion has been isolated for the first time. The coordination sphere of the anion is completed to a distorted octahedron by weak interaction with a dioxane molecule of the cationic system. The [H₃O]⁺ cations are connected to chains by dioxane molecules. At room temperature the compound is stable only in its mother liquor. Crystalline [H₃O]₂[SeBr₆] ( 2 ) (space group Fm3m, a = 10.421(1) Å at 170 K) is a bromoselenous acid of high symmetry. The [H₃O]⁺ ion is only weakly coordinated by Br atoms of the anion. The anions are isolated octahedral [SeBr₆]^2? units. The structure is isotypic to the K₂[PtCl₆] structure. Despite being a halogenochalcogen(IV) acid, 2 exhibits a remarkable thermal stability. Both oxonium compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses. Vibrational spectra of 2 are reported.