Digital Simulation of Discharge of Nickel–Cadmium Batteries

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry - A computer analysis of the mathematical model for the nickel–cadmium battery discharge with different types of electrodes is presented. The model...     

Application of Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy for Analysis of the Microstructure of Reactor Materials

Crystallography Reports - It is shown by the example of hydrogen (in hydrides ZrH), helium (in pores after implantation), and nickel (in G-phase precipitates) that the application of electron...     

Estimation of the Diffusion Coefficient of Doxorubicin Molecules in a Water Solution in the Volume of a Porous Carrier Medium

Russian Physics Journal - An experimental investigation of the phenomenon of diffusion of the solution components in nanosized pores is extremely difficult and in certain cases impossible. An...     

2-Phosphinothioyl- and 2-phosphinoylethylcyclopentadienyl zirconium and titanium complexes. Crystal structure of [η5:η1-C5H4CH2CH2P(O)Ph2]TiCl3

The intracomplex conversion of (2-diphenylphosphanoethyl)cyclopentadienyl zirconium and titanium complexes into the corresponding 2-phosphinothioyl and 2-phosphinoyl derivatives, viz., (η⁵-C₅H₅)[η ⁵-C₅H₄CH₂CH₂P(S)Ph₂]ZrCl₂, [η⁵-C₅H₄CH₂CH₂P(S)Ph₂]ZrCl₃, [η⁵:η¹C₅H₄CH₂CH₂P(O)Ph₂]ZrCl₃·THF, and [η⁵:η ¹-C₅H₄CH₂CH₂P(O)Ph₂]TiCl₃ (7), was performed. The NMR spectroscopy data revealed the following order of the coordination ability of the functional groups with respect to the Zr center: Ph₂P=O > Ph₂P > Ph₂P=S. An analogous order was found for the monodentate ligands (Ph₃P=O > Ph₃P > Ph₃P=S) with respect to (η⁵-C₅H₅)ZrCl₃. The molecular structure of complex 7 was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. Coordination of the Ph₂P=O group to the titanium atom was found retained both in the crystalline state and solution.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 116–122, January, 2005.     

Structure and properties of copper coatings electrodeposited under X-ray radiation

142-145The influence of X-ray radiation of different wave lengths on the structure and properties of electrodeposited copper coatings is found. It is determined by the methods of X-ray structure analysis and optical and scanning microscopy that, in the process of electrodeposition, X-ray radiation changes the primary structure of electrolyte and leads to a decrease in the grain size of deposits and an increase in the microhardness and degree of dispersion of mosaic blocks. The radiation effect on the process of electrodeposition is accompanied by an increase in the rate of material deposition on the cathode due to intensification of the diffusion of electrolyte components to the cathode.     

Image formation using stimulated raman scattering gain

Theoretical analysis of the spatial, noise, and energy characteristics of an amplifier has been performed in the mode of spectral and time selection using subnanosecond stimulated Raman Scattering gain of weak echo signals in crystalline active media that are known for high (up to 10^–1 cm/MW) gain coefficients. The possibility to reach high gain values has been demonstrated for weak signals from objects at acceptable angular sizes of the field of vision of an amplifier. To provide a signal-to-noise ratio that exceeds unity over the entire field of vision, the number of photons at the input to an amplifier that is required has to exceed the number of its resolution elements. Accurate determination of the possibilities of recording of weak echo signals and quality of images of targets that are obtained using amplifiers under stimulated Raman Scattering requires additional special experiments.     

Zur Methodik der Messung der Aktivität von umschlossenen γ-Strahlungsquellen mittels Ionisationskammern

In der Arbeit wird über eine Empfehlung zur Methodik der Weitergabe der Aktivitätseinheit für umschlossene γ-Strahlungsquellen von den Normalen der metrologischen Slaatsämter der UdSSR (WNIIM) und der DDR (ASMW) an Normale niederer Ordnung berichtet. Die Weitergabe der Aktivitätseinheit geschieht durch Vergleich mittels Ionisationskammern. Die Empfehlung bezieht sich auch auf solche Fälle, in denen neben dem Hauptnuklid ein Verunreinigungsnuklid in der Quelle enthalten ist, sowie auf solche, bei denen unterschiedlicher Aufbau der zu vergleichenden Quellen vorliegt. Auβerdem umfaβt die Empfehlung die Methode der Fehlerrechnung.     

Cosmic rays as a new instrument of seismological studies

The state of the art of the short-termearthquake prediction problemis considered. A new method for monitoring the 3D stress state in the earthquake-prone zone using high-energy muons in cosmic rays and simultaneous measurements of acoustic and seismic signals in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 1–2 kHz is proposed. To implement this method, muons should be detected simultaneously with extensive air showers in an area of several square kilometers.