Local realistic photon model compatible with Malus' law for experiments testing Bell's inequalities

A local realistic model is proposed that agrees approximately with quantum mechanics in the predictions about experiments testing Bell's inequalities by measuring polarization correlations of photon pairs emitted in atomic cascades. No free parameters exist, except polarizer efficiencies, which may be measured independently using Malu's law.     

Spatially homogeneous cosmological models

We study nonviscous and viscous fluids in Bianchi types II, VIII, and IX space-times under the restriction that the ratio of shear to expansion be constant.     

On the study of the dynamical aspects of parasitemia in the blood cycle of malaria

Malaria is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One striking aspect regarding malaria is the fact that individuals living in endemic areas do not develop immunity against the parasite, falling ill whenever they are exposed to the parasite. The understanding of why immunity is not developed in the usual way against Plasmodium is crucial to the improvement of treatment and prevention. In this work, we study some aspects of the dynamics of the blood cycle of malaria using both modelling and data analysis of observed case-histories described by parasitemia time series. By comparing our simulations with experimental results we have shown that the different behaviour observed among patients may be associated to differences in the efficiency of the immune system to control the infection.     

Interpretation of the quantum formalism and Bell's theorem

It is argued that quantum mechanics must be interpreted according to the Copenhagen interpretation. Consequently the formalism must be used in a purely operational way. The relation between realism, hidden variables, and the Bell inequalities is discussed. The proof of impossibility of local hidden-variables theories (Bell's theorem) is criticized on the basis that the quantum mechanical states violating local realism are not physically realizable states.Einstein had great difficulty in reaching a sharp formulation of Bohr's meaning. What hope then for the rest of us.—John S. Bell (Ref. 1, p. 189).     

On the Fredholm theory of Wiener-Hopf equations and the coupling method

The Fredholm properties of the Wiener-Hopf operator onL _p(⁺,^m) are investigated using the coupling method for solving operator equations. The theory applies to equations whose kernel is an element ofL ₁(,^mxm). As usual the determinant of the symbol is assumed to have no zeros on the real line. The method of analysis is independent of the realization theory for symbols that are analytic in a strip containing the real axis although in some sense closely related to it. The connection between the two methods is briefly analysed in the paper.     

The Pre‐exponential Factor in Electrochemistry

Like many branches of science, not to mention culture in general, electrochemistry has a number of recurring topics: Areas of research that are popular for a certain time, then fade away as their possibilities seem to have been exhausted, only to return decades later as progress in experimental or theoretical techniques offer new possibilities for their investigation. A prime example are fuel cells, which have undergone five such cycles, but here we discuss a general concept of kinetics—the pre‐exponential factor of a rate constant—which has undergone two such cycles. The first cycle was in the 1950–1980s, when the methods of electrochemical kinetics were developed, and the interpretation was based on transition‐state theory. The second was triggered by the re‐discovery of Kramers theory for reactions in condensed phases. This Minireview will show that the time has come for a third cycle based on recent progress in electrocatalysis.