Copper‐catalyzed Clauson–Kass pyrroles synthesis in aqueous media

An efficient and convenient copper‐catalyzed Clauson–Kass reaction of 2,5‐dimethoxytetrahydrofuran with amines in aqueous media has been developed, providing a wide range of N‐substituted pyrroles in good yields. It is noteworthy that the Clauson–Kass reaction of 2,5‐dimethoxytetrahydrofuran with p‐phenylenediamine or m‐phenylenediamine proceeds smoothly to afford the corresponding monopyrroles and bispyrroles with high selectivity in impressive yields. A plausible mechanism for the formation of N‐substituted pyrroles has been proposed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Discontinuous crack-bridging model for fracture toughness analysis of nacre

Studying the structure–property relation of biological materials can not only provide insight into the physical mechanisms underlying their superior properties and functions but also benefit the design and fabrication of advanced biomimetic materials. In this paper, we present a microstructure-based fracture mechanics model to investigate the toughening effect due to the crack-bridging mechanism of platelets. Our theoretical analysis demonstrates the crucial contribution of this mechanism to the high toughness of nacre. It is found that the fracture toughness of nacre exhibits distinct dependence on the sizes of platelets, and the optimized ranges for the thickness and length of platelets required to achieve higher fracture toughness are given. In addition, the effects of such factors as the mechanical properties of the organic phase (or interfaces), the effective elastic modulus of nacre, and the stacking pattern of platelets are also examined. Finally, some guidelines for the biomimetic design of novel materials are proposed based on our theoretical analysis.     

β射线之吸收系数

自UX₂及RaE放出之β射线之吸收系数经实验后得下列结果:(1)吸收图为数段直线所合成,厚吸收片者坡度较陡。(2)吸收系数随三种因素而改变,一为承受放射物之性质与厚薄,一为围绕放射物之圆管,一为放射物与游离箱之距离。     

氢分子在几种高铬镍合金钢中微扩散所引起的内耗峰

用扭摆作内耗测量,发现八种高铬镍合金钢中含氢可以引起内耗峰。当振动频率约为每秒1.5周时,内耗峰的巅值温度在610—640℃附近。用其中一种高铬镍合金钢试样(18Cr 12Ni)进行了系统的实验,指出这个内耗峰的基元过程是一种弛豫过程,所包含的激活能约为46,000—50,000卡/克分子。根据激活能的数值以及内耗峰在升温、降温和保温时的变化情况,可以认为这个新内耗峰是由於氢分子在钢中微扩散所引起来的。内耗测量的结果也指出了在18Cr 12Ni钢中在特定的升温、降温速度下氢分子舆氢原子的转变温度范围,所得的结果舆资料上的相合。     

Vertically Grown Few-Layer MoS2 Nanosheets on Hierarchical Carbon Nanocages for Pseudocapacitive Lithium Storage with Ultrahigh-Rate Capability and Long-Term Recyclability

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is an intensively studied anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high theoretical capacity, but it is still confronted by severe challenges of unsatisfactory rate capability and cycle life. Herein, few-layer MoS₂ nanosheets, vertically grown on hierarchical carbon nanocages (hCNC) by a facile hydrothermal method, introduce pseudocapacitive lithium storage owing to the highly exposed MoS₂ basal planes, enhanced conductivity, and facilitated electrolyte access arising from good hybridization with hCNC. Thus, the optimized MoS₂/hCNC exhibits reversible capacities of 1670 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ after 50 cycles, 621 mAh g⁻¹ at 5.0 A g⁻¹ after 500 cycles, and 196 mAh g⁻¹ at 50 A g⁻¹ after 2500 cycles, which are among the best for MoS₂-based anode materials. The specific power and specific energy, which can reach 16.1 kW and 252.8 Wh after 3000 cycles, respectively, indicate great potential in high-power and long-life LIBs. These findings suggest a promising strategy for exploring advanced anode materials with high reversible capacity, high-rate capability, and long-term recyclability.     

矢志创新铸辉煌,壮心不已续华章——贺李启虎院士八十华诞

2019年7月11日,我们迎来了李启虎先生的八十华诞。先生是水声信号处理和声呐设计领域享誉世界的专家、中国科学院院士,曾任中国科学院声学研究所所长、国家“863”计划海洋监测主题专家组组长、总装备部国家重大安全项目专家组组长。他长期从事信号处理理论研究和声呐设计、研制工作,结合我国浅海声传播的特点,创造性地应用信息论、数字信号处理、水声工程等理论,解决了一系列水声信号处理中的问题,为我国国防水声事业及国家信息化建设做出了突出的贡献。     

Terahertz laser based on optically pumped graphene: Model and feasibility of realization

We consider a terahertz laser based on optically pumped graphene layer and bilayer as the active media and suggested waveguide structure. Using the developed model, we calculate the spectral dependences the dynamic conductivity of the optically pumped graphene layer and bilayer associated with the interband and intraband transitions, estimate the pumping optical power required for lasing, and demonstrate the feasibility of realization of such a laser. The article is published in the original.     

Bianchi Type-III Cosmological Models with Time Dependent Displacement Vector for Barotropic Fluid Distribution in Lyra Geometry

Bianchi Type-III cosmological models for perfect fluid distribution with time dependent displacement field in the framework of Lyra geometry are investigated. To get the deterministic model of the universe, we have assumed two conditions (i) shear (σ) is proportional to the expansion (θ). This leads to B=C ⁿ where B and C are metric potentials and n is a constant. (ii) Universe is filled with barotropic fluid distribution which leads to p=γ ρ, 0≤γ≤1, p being isotropic pressure and ρ the energy density. The physical and geometrical aspects of the model with a special case and singularities in the models are also discussed.