全文获取类型
收费全文 | 174928篇 |
免费 | 36497篇 |
国内免费 | 25419篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 114823篇 |
晶体学 | 2101篇 |
力学 | 11707篇 |
综合类 | 550篇 |
数学 | 20955篇 |
物理学 | 86708篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 730篇 |
2023年 | 2701篇 |
2022年 | 4184篇 |
2021年 | 4486篇 |
2020年 | 4919篇 |
2019年 | 5273篇 |
2018年 | 4703篇 |
2017年 | 4953篇 |
2016年 | 6980篇 |
2015年 | 6986篇 |
2014年 | 7871篇 |
2013年 | 11295篇 |
2012年 | 12947篇 |
2011年 | 14628篇 |
2010年 | 14865篇 |
2009年 | 14725篇 |
2008年 | 9196篇 |
2007年 | 8305篇 |
2006年 | 7530篇 |
2005年 | 7054篇 |
2004年 | 6638篇 |
2003年 | 5283篇 |
2002年 | 4860篇 |
2001年 | 4856篇 |
2000年 | 3860篇 |
1999年 | 4410篇 |
1998年 | 3783篇 |
1997年 | 3503篇 |
1996年 | 3959篇 |
1995年 | 4009篇 |
1994年 | 4027篇 |
1993年 | 3811篇 |
1992年 | 3333篇 |
1991年 | 2924篇 |
1990年 | 2437篇 |
1989年 | 2333篇 |
1988年 | 2223篇 |
1987年 | 1463篇 |
1986年 | 1519篇 |
1985年 | 1142篇 |
1984年 | 1200篇 |
1983年 | 496篇 |
1982年 | 1010篇 |
1981年 | 830篇 |
1980年 | 840篇 |
1979年 | 568篇 |
1978年 | 564篇 |
1977年 | 660篇 |
1976年 | 1077篇 |
1972年 | 549篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
61.
D. Citterio Stefan Rásonyi Ursula E. Spichiger 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1996,354(7-8):836-840
New chromoionophores have been developed, focused on NIR applications so that optode membranes may be used in monolithically integrated optical sensors. The wavelength of maximum absorbance has been estimated for a new model compound by the Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) method. Several cyanine type dyes have been tested as membrane chromoionophores. Membrane composition has been altered to overcome solubility problems. In this way, simple pH-sensitive optode membranes have been produced. 相似文献
62.
J.-L. Hainaut V. Englebert J. Henrard J.-M. Hick D. Roland 《Applied Categorical Structures》1996,3(1-2):9-45
This paper analyzes the requirements that CASE tools should meet for effective database reverse engineering (DBRE), and proposes
a general architecture for data-centered applications reverse engineering CASE environments. First, the paper describes a
generic DBMS-independent DBRE methodology, then it analyzes the main characteristics of DBRE activities in order to collect
a set of desirable requirements. Finally, it describes DB-MAIN, an operational CASE tool developed according to these requirements.
The main features of this tool that are described in this paper are its unique generic specification model, its repository,
its transformation toolkit, its user interface, the text processors, the assistants, the methodological control and its functional
extensibility. Finally, the paper describes five real-world projects in which the methodology and the CASE tool were applied.
This is a heavily revised and extended version of “Requirements for Information System Reverse Engineering Support” by J.-L.
Hainaut, V. Englebert, J. Henrard, J.-M. Hick, D. Roland, which first appeared in the Proceedings of the Second Working Conference
on Reverse Engineering, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 136–145, July 1995. This paper presents some results of the DB-MAIN
project. This project is partially supported by the Région Wallonne, the European Union, and by a consortium comprising ACEC-OSI (Be), ARIANE-II (Be), Banque UCL (Lux), BBL (Be), Centre de recherche public H.
Tudor (Lux), CGER (Be), Cockerill-Sambre (Be), CONCIS (Fr), D'Ieteren (Be), DIGITAL, EDF (Fr), EPFL (CH), Groupe S (Be), IBM,
OBLOG Software (Port), ORIGIN (Be), Ville de Namur (Be), Winterthur (Be), 3 Suisses (Be). The DB-Process subproject is supported
by the Communauté Fran?aise de Belgique. 相似文献
63.
64.
65.
We characterize orbifolds in terms of their sheaves, and show that orbifolds correspond exactly to a specific class of smooth groupoids. As an application, we construct fibered products of orbifolds and prove a change-of-base formula for sheaf cohomology. 相似文献
66.
M. Trunk J. Popp I. Hartmann M. Lankers E. Urlaub W. Kiefer 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1996,355(3-4):354-356
In situ measurements of gas-liquid surface reactions of single aerosol microdroplets are presented. By means of optical levitation in combination with elastic (Mie) and inelastic (Raman) light scattering it is possible to get information on the chemistry of e.g. acid/base reactions as well as the physical behavior of single microparticles. 相似文献
67.
We describe a general method that enables us to obtain all the singular terms of helicity amplitudes of n-parton processes at one loop. The algorithm uses helicity amplitudes at tree level and simple color algebra. We illustrate the method by calculating the singular part of the one-loop helicity amplitudes of all 2 → 3 parton subprocesses. The results are used to derive the soft gluon limit of the cross sections of all 2 → 4 parton scattering subprocesses which provide a useful initial condition for the angular ordering approximation to coherent multiple soft gluon emission, incorporated in existing Monte Carlo simulation programs. 相似文献
68.
Peter Karduck Norbert Ammann Hans Günter Esser Jörg Winter 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1991,341(5-6):315-319
Summary The first wall of the fusion device TEXTOR at the Forschungszentrum Jülich has been coated in situ with an amorphous hydrogen rich carbon/boron film (a-C/B:H) which reduces plasma impurities caused by the plasma surface interaction. The results of the coating process of the 35 m2 large inner wall surface have been controlled by a recently developed modification of the quantitative electron probe microanalysis, which has been applied to 12 samples from specified positions inside the tokamak. The quantification itself is based on a Monte Carlo simulation of electron trajectories providing very accurate results for X-ray intensities emitted by elements present in the electron bombarded sample. The Monte Carlo results are used in the present work to calibrate the measured X-ray intensities emitted by boron and carbon from the a-C/B:H layers deposited on pure silicon substrates. As a result the total deposited mass of the layer per area unit as well as the composition of the layers (except hydrogen) could be determined very accurately. The relative errors were less than 7%. The limit of detectability were found to be in the range of one monolayer for boron as well as for carbon. 相似文献
69.
70.
Ingrid Lukkari Jaromir Ruzicka Gary D. Christian 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1993,346(6-9):813-818
Summary Automated methods for the determination of ammonium and ammonia are reviewed, and techniques based on gas diffusion using a semi-permeable membrane were selected for the determination of both total ammonium-nitrogen and free ammonia in fermentation samples. A simple and robust instrument based on sequential injection analysis (SIA) consisting of a piston pump and two selector valves was used. Two different methods of ammonia detection, the Berthelot method and detection using pH-indicators, have been evaluated and compared. The indicator method showed higher reproducibility and the range of determination could easily be adjusted to match the concentrations of the samples. The range of determination could be adjusted from 0.05 mmol/l to 350 mmol/l, depending on choice of acceptor solution. This method has been evaluated with fermentation medium samples and tested on-line in a yeast fermentation process.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Wilhelm Fresenius on the occasion of his 80th birthday 相似文献