Low-temperature synthesis of amorphous carbon nanocoils via acetylene coupling on copper nanocrystal surfaces at 468 K: a reaction mechanism analysis

A new type of amorphous helical carbon nanofibers has been synthesized using copper nanocatalysts and an acetylene gas source at atmospheric pressure. The nanofibers are grown at 468 K, which is the lowest temperature by ordinary metal-catalyzed thermal chemical vapor deposition of hydrocarbon, and exhibit a symmetric growth mode in the form of twin helices. IR, XRD, Raman, and C/H molar ratio analyses reveal a polymer-like structure with a weak trans-polyacetylene feature. The nanofibers are a mixture of solid polymers and a small amount of carbon. A reaction mechanism has been proposed on the basis of the previous studies of acetylene adsorption, desorption properties, and surface reactions on copper (111), (110), and (001) planes under ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) conditions as well as the results obtained in our study. The reaction mechanism of acetylene on copper single-crystal surfaces under UHV conditions indeed reflects the reaction mechanism under practical catalytic conditions at atmospheric pressure. The nanofibers grow mainly via acetylene coupling to solid polymers on copper nanocrystal surfaces. Acetylene also couples to yield small amounts of liquid oligomers and gaseous products, and undergoes slight carbon deposition during the fiber growth.     

Dispersion Science of Nanocrystalline Particles

This paper presents two experiment phenomena of nanocrystalline particles. One is the dispersion of rare earth element on the surface of transition metal particles by hydrogen arc plasma method, the other is that nanocrystalline metal particles were dispersed into the pores of alumina: The dispersion mechanism was discussed     

Synthesis and characterization of single-crystal Ce(OH)CO3 and CeO2 triangular microplates

Single-crystal cerium hydroxide carbonate (Ce(OH)CO3) triangular microplates with the hexagonal phase have been successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method at 150 degrees C using cerium nitrate (Ce(NO3)3.6H2O) as the cerium source, aqueous carbamide as both an alkaline and carbon source, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. Single-crystal ceria (CeO2) triangular microplates have been fabricated by a thermal decomposition-oxidation process at 650 degrees C for 7 h using single-crystal Ce(OH)CO3 microplates as the precursor. The shape of the Ce(OH)CO3 microplate was sustained after thermal decomposition-oxidation to CeO2. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG).     

Preparation and structure of carbon encapsulated copper nanoparticles

Carbon-encapsulated copper nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified arc plasma method using methane as carbon source. The particles were characterized in detail by transmission electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry. The encapsulated copper nanoparticles were about 30 nm in diameter with 3–5 nm graphitic carbon shells. The outside graphitic carbon layers effectively prevented unwanted oxidation of the copper inside. The effect of the ratio of He/CH₄ on the morphologies and the formation of the carbon shell were investigated.     

负载型纳米非贵金属催化剂上CO的氧化 Ⅰ.纳米催化剂活性组分的制备、表征与筛选

用电弧等离子体法制备了纳米Ｃｕ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ，采用机械方法将其加到Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体上，制成负载型纳米催化剂．用ＴＥＭ、ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ、ＨＲＴＥＭ等手段，对纳米粒子和催化剂进行了表征．对ＣＯ催化氧化的结果表明，铜催化剂的活性最高；铜、铬催化剂的活性高于贵金属钯催化剂；锰催化剂活性与钯相当；铁、镍催化剂活性较差．ＸＲＤ实验表明，催化反应后，纳米金属将变成氧化物．     

三（2─甲基─2─苯基丙基）锡苯氧乙酸酯化合物的~（13）CNMR研究

测定了１５种三（２─甲基─２─苯基同基）锡苯氧乙酸酯化合物的１３ＣＮＭＲ谱，利用模型化合物对比及化学位移计算比较等方法．对全部谱线进行了归属．讨论了化合物１３ＣＮＭＲ谱与结构的关系．求得对苯环碳的取代基化学位移参数（ＳＣＳ）：Ｃｉｐｓｏ＝３０．０，Ｃｏｒｔｈｏ＝－１３．８，Ｃｍｅｔａ＝０．８，Ｃｐａｒａ＝－７．５．     

负载型纳米非贵金属催化剂上CO的氧化行为Ⅱ.纳米铜的制备、结构及催化性能

用惰性气体蒸发法和电弧等离子体法制备了纳米铜粒子，用物理干法将其担载到载体上，并用于催化ＣＯ氧化反应．用ＴＥＭ，ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ对纳米粒子和催化剂进行了表征．结果表明，载体、氧化气氛及制备工艺均影响催化剂的活性，稀土元素铈的存在能提高铜的催化活性，纳米铜在催化过程中将转变为氧化物．     

低能电子冲击下,混合有机分子薄膜中苯对正己烷离解的作用

本文报导了苯与正已烷二元有机混合吸附薄膜在低能电子(<50eV)轰击下正已烷的原位离解,研究了苯的加入对正已烷离解的影响及作用机制。发现苯增加了正已烷的离解,这种现象由苯与正已烷分子间的激发转移予以解释。     

Controlling the orientation of ZnO nanorod arrays using TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> thin film templates dip-coated by sol–gel

The oriented ZnO nanorod arrays have been synthesized on a silicon wafer that coated with TiO₂ films by aqueous chemical method. The morphologies, phase structure and the photoluminescence (PL) properties of the as-obtained product were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and PL spectrum. The nanorods were about 100 nm in diameter and more than 1 μm in length, which possessed wurtzite structure with a c axis growth direction. The room-temperature PL measurement of the nanorod arrays showed strong ultraviolet emission. The effect of the crystal structure and the thickness of TiO₂ films on the morphologies of ZnO nanostructures were investigated. It was found that the rutile TiO₂ films were appropriate to the oriented growth of ZnO nanorod arrays in comparison with anatase TiO₂ films. Moreover, flakelike ZnO nanostructures were obtained with increasing the thickness of anatase TiO₂ films.