CLIFFORD MARTINGALES Φ-EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN S（f） AND f^＊

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斜孔气膜冷却数值模拟分析

本文通过数值模拟分析圆柱孔和扩散孔的单斜孔气膜冷却特性,考察复合角、孔型和吹风比对流场和气膜冷却效果的影响。结果表明,复合角的引入使气膜侧向分布更宽,但冷却效果沿主流方向衰减更快。适中吹风比得到的气膜能更有效的保护壁面。在相同吹风比和复合角条件下,扩散孔的气膜冷却效率比圆柱孔更好,且冷却更为均匀持久。     

Natural convections in conjugated single and double enclosures

The natural convection in single and double conjugated enclosures are numerically investigated. The single and double enclosures are formed by low conductance walls with finite thickness. The outside vertical surfaces of the conducting walls are of the third kind of boundary condition while the top and bottom outside surfaces are adiabatic. The problem studied is characterized by a dominant horizontal temperature gradient and the thermal boundary conditions at the cavity surfaces can not be specified in priori. Numerical results reveal the characteristics in such kind of enclosures and show the importance of the thermal boundary conditions on the natural convection in enclosures. It is also found that the natural convections in the conjugated double enclosures are basically the same, with a major difference in their fluid temperature levels.     

Refraction of light in media

The roles of the magnetic field and electric field of the light are investigated when the light is refracted in the medium. The model of the electron cloud conductor is presented. Electron cloud in a molecule is treated as a conductor and the Faraday’s Law is applied to this conductor that is in the alternating magnetic field of the light. dB _M/dt of the light gives rise to an alternating induced current on the electron cloud conductor, and the light exchanges energy, i.e. the refractive energy, with the electron cloud conductor. Formulas of refractive index, which is the ratio of light speed in vacuum to that in the medium, are derived with this model. These formulas are tested with several mediums and Langevin’s diamagnetic susceptibility of helium gas, and the results are in good agreement with the measured data. The anisotropy and the nonlinearity of the refractive index are explained with the theory described in this work. Supported by Beijing Science and Technology New Star Program (Grant No. 952870400), the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education and the Excellent Young Teachers Program of Ministry of Education of China     

Modeling of the microwave drying process of aqueous dielectrics

We propose a thermodynamic framework for describing the microwave drying process of aqueous dielectrics based on Maxwell-Lorentz Field equations and mixture theory. Several issues are discussed such as the form of entropy equation; the constitutive relations for the macroscopic electric polarization vectors, Cauchy stresses, heat fluxes, internal momentum supplies, etc., for each component of the mixture: porous solid, water and gas in different regions; and the interfacial jump conditions between different regions in the mixture. A brief examination of the status of material frame indifference within the context of our framework is presented.     

二阶Volterra系统对平稳正态激励的统计响应的表示定理的数学证明

1974年,Neal根据Kac和Siegert的思想,给出了一个在电子工程、海洋工程、建筑工程、航空工程、自动控制的随机振动中有重要应用的二阶Volterra非线性系统对平稳正态输入的统计响应的表示定理.1984年,Naess对此定理又给出了一个数学证明.经过研究后发现,他们对定理条件的叙述都是模糊的,而且其数学证明都是有问题的.本文重新讨论了这个表示定理,给出了明确的定理条件及严格的数学证明,为它的广泛应用奠定了理论基础.     

Effect of nonlinear wave-current interaction on flow fields and hydrodynamic forces

A fifth-order theory for solving the problem of interaction between Stokes waves and exponential profile currents is proposed. The calculated flow fields are compared with measurements. Then the errors caused by the linear superposition method and approximate theory are discussed. It is found that the total wavccurrent field consists of pure wave, pure current and interaction components. The shear current not only directly changes the flow field, but also indirectly does so by changing the wave parameters due to wave-current interaction. The present theory can predict the wave kinematics on shear currents satisfactorily. The linear superposition method may give rise to more than 40% loading error in extreme conditions. When the apparent wave period is used and the Wheeler stretching method is adopted to extrapolate the current, application of the approximate theory is the best. Project supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

分形维数与城市规模分布评析

本在分形概念的基础上，指出城市规模分布是基于统计意义上的一种分形分布，并计算了安徽省1978～1998年城市规模分布的分维值，评析了安徽省城市规模分布变化的特征。     

Synthesis and characterization of novel thermoresponsive‐co‐biodegradable hydrogels composed of N‐isopropylacrylamide,poly(L‐lactic acid), and dextran

A series of novel multifunctional hydrogels that combined the merits of both thermoresponsive and biodegradable polymeric materials were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The hydrogels were copolymeric networks composed of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) as a thermoresponsive component, poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) as a hydrolytically degradable and hydrophobic component, and dextran as an enzymatically degradable and hydrophilic component. The chemical structures of the hydrogels were characterized by an attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) technique. The hydrogels were thermoresponsive, showing a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at approximately 32 °C, and their swelling properties strongly depended on temperature changes, the balance of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic components, and the degradation of the PLLA component. The degradation of the hydrogels caused by hydrolytic cleavage of ester bonds in the PLLA component was faster at 25 °C below the LCST than at 37 °C above the LCST, determined by the ATR–FTIR technique. Due to their multifunctional properties, the designed hydrogels show great potential for biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5054–5066, 2004     

One convenient synthesis route to boron nitride nanotube

We describe one convenient synthesis route to boron nitride (BN) nanotube by the reaction of boron powder, iron oxide, and ammonium chloride at 600 °C for 12 h. Characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, TEM and SAED, the composition and morphology of the products are confirmed. The possible reaction mechanism is also discussed.