Evolution of excess electron binding motifs under both internal‐push (from exo C–F bonds) and external‐push (from endo C–F bonds) electron effects in endohedral metallofullerenes with endo C–F bonds

How does the endo C–F bond influence the excess electron binding motif? For lithium‐doped endohedral perfluorofullerenes with endo C–F bonds, under both internal‐push (from exo C–F bonds) and external‐push (from endo C–F bonds) electron effects, the singly occupied molecular orbital electron cloud of the sphere‐like Li···F₈@C₆₀F₅₂ (D₂) is partially dispersed within the σ_p–s antibonding orbital of endo C–F bonds and the space between C^δ+–F_endo^δ– double electric layers, which makes Li···F₈@C₆₀F₅₂ have partial excess electron (electride characteristics) and partial lithium salt characteristics, while in the tube‐like Li···F₂@C₆₀F₅₈ (C_s), as the Li is changing from approaching F to keeping away from F and to approaching another one, the singly occupied molecular orbital electron cloud is mainly dispersed from within the p orbital of the short endo C–F bond to within the middle of the two F atoms and again to within the p orbital of the short endo C–F bond, which indicates an evolution from lithium salt characteristic to excess electron characteristic, and again to lithium salt characteristic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Integrating the environmental factor into the strategy updating rule to promote cooperation in evolutionary games

Many previous studies have shown that the environment plays an important role for social individuals. In this paper, we integrate the environmental factor, which is defined as the average payoff of all a player's neighbours, with the standard Fermi updating rule by introducing a tunable parameter, ω. It is found that the level of cooperation increases remarkably, and that the cooperators can better resist the invasion of defection with an increase in ω. This interesting phenomenon is then explained from a microscopic view. In addition, the universality of this mechanism is also proved with the help of the small-world network and the random regular graph. This work may be helpful in understanding cooperation behaviour in species from unicellular organisms up to human beings.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMnPO4研究进展

综述了新型锂离子电池正极材料LiMnPO4的研究进展,重点对该材料的结构、结构与电化学性能的关系、阳离子掺杂对材料性能的影响、多种合成方法和材料改性措施进行了较详细的评述,并对该材料的应用前景进行了展望.     

基于碳纤维复合材料的月基极紫外相机照准架结构设计

为了减少月基极紫外相机的质量并保证相机的二维转动机构在卫星发射、地月变轨及月表着陆过程中受到大量级振动冲击以及月表超大温差环境下能正常工作,设计并研制了基于碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）的照准架结构。首先,设计了基于金属材料和CFRP的不同照准架结构,通过有限元法对不同材料的照准架进行分析对比,证明了CFRP照准架的优越性。温度和力学验证试验表明：基于CFRP的照准架质量小于其它材料的照准架,其刚度和热稳定性能满足极紫外相机环境适应性的要求。     

平行因子分析法在太湖水体三维荧光峰比值分析中的应用

以太湖水样三维荧光光谱数据为例,提出在采用平行因子分析法(PARAFAC)处理后的荧光数据中提取荧光峰强度计算荧光峰比值进行水环境分析评价的方法,较直接在水样原始荧光谱图中获取的荧光峰强度更加准确客观。天然水体中各水样间由于受荧光团复杂多样性等因素的影响,某类荧光物质荧光峰的激发发射波长位置并不是固定不变的,就同一水样而言各类荧光峰之间的相互重叠干扰也将影响到荧光峰强度和位置的准确判断。而在PARAFAC模型各因子中提取相应荧光峰值可以保证各水样间同类荧光物质荧光峰在同一位置又有效减弱同一水样中各类荧光物质荧光峰之间的相互干扰,更加高效准确的利用荧光峰比值进行水环境分析。区域差异性分析时水样因子得分比值的区域变化与原始荧光峰比值变化趋势是一致的。     

热核聚变实验堆中超导母线绝缘层的红外热波检测

本项研究的目的在于探索热核聚变实验堆中超导母线绝缘层的主动式 红外热波检测方法.文中用装有热水的薄膜袋对预埋脱黏缺陷的试件表面进行接触热激励; 给出了在面热源作用下长圆柱内一维瞬态导热的近似理论模型;通 过对理论模型的模拟和分析,发现对热波降温信号进行微分处理可有效提高缺陷和 非缺陷信号对比度;与闪光灯激励的结果进行比较,显示接触热激励的检测深度优于 闪光灯脉冲热激励.     

Dynamical Convergence Trajectory in Networks

It is well known that topology and dynamics are two major aspects to determine the function of a network. We study one of the dynamic properties of a network： trajectory convergence, i.e. how a system converges to its steady state. Using numerical and analytical methods, we show that in a logical-like dynamical model, the occurrence of convergent trajectory in a network depends mainly on the type of the fixed point and the ratio between activation and inhibition links. We analytically proof that this property is induced by the competition between two types of state transition structures in phase space： tree-like transition structure and star-like transition structure. We show that the biological networks, such as the cell cycle network in budding yeast, prefers the tree-like transition structures and suggest that this type of convergence trajectories may be universal.     

265Bh(Z=107)同位素的首次观测

在兰州的重离子加速器上用²⁶Mg离子束轰击²⁴³Am靶,产生了新同位素²⁶⁵Bh.通过观测新同位素²⁶⁵Bh和它的已知子核²⁶¹Db和²⁵⁷Lr之间的α衰变的关联,实现了对新核素的鉴别.实验中使用了一套新建立的具有数个探测器对的转轮收集探测系统.将该系统用于特殊的母–子核搜索模式,从而大大减少了本底.共测得了8个²⁶⁵Bh的α衰变关联事件;同时4个已知核²⁶⁴Bh的衰变关联事件也被鉴别出来.实验测得²⁶⁵Bh的α衰变能量为(9.24±0.05)MeV,半衰期为0.94+0.70–0.31s.     

QuantBasic软件用于红外光谱定量分析

化学计量学原理引入到红外光谱学后 ,使得红外光谱定量分析有了突破性进展。利用 MB15 4S型FTIR光谱仪专配的 Quant Basic定量软件 ,对红外光谱定量分析中基线取法进行了研究 ,并得出最优方法。通过对己二酸进行定量分析 ,验证了此软件对混合物中单组分定量不仅操作简便 ,快速可行 ,而且简化了训练集的建立和样品前处理     

红外谱图计算机辅助检索系统的设计

介绍了红外光谱图谱计算机辅助检索系统中数据库的建立、谱图的编码、图库检索方法以及系统实现过程