纤维素及其衍生物催化脱氧转化制化学品

纤维素是木质纤维素生物质中最为丰富的组分,将其催化转化制备高附加值化学品在生物质资源化利用中占据极为重要的一席之地。由于纤维素中氧含量过高,需选择性地脱除部分氧原子才可获得满足当前化学工业对各类高值化学品的要求。近年来,针对纤维素以及由其衍生的关键平台分子葡萄糖和5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)等催化脱氧的研究已引起广泛关注,并取得诸多重要进展。在此,我们总结了具有代表性的多相催化剂体系,讨论了利用氢解或脱水脱氧策略分别将纤维素和葡萄糖等分子中一个或多个C―O键裁剪制备乙醇、烯烃或己二酸等的研究。我们还着重介绍了HMF和其衍生的呋喃化合物选择性剪切C―OH/C＝O键或呋喃环中的C―O―C键分别制备二甲基呋喃和1, 6-己二醇等催化体系。此外,对各多相催化剂的作用机制和特定C―O断键机理也分别进行了探讨,以期深入理解纤维素及其衍生物的催化脱氧反应。     

Conversion of carbohydrates into furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using furfuryl alcohol resin-based solid acid as catalyst

Cellulose - A furfuryl alcohol resin-based solid acid (SC-FAR-800) was prepared and applied in the conversion of carbohydrates into furan platform compounds in microwave. The results showed that...     

电容去离子除氯电极的构建及其脱盐性能研究进展

电容去离子技术(Capacitive deionization,CDI)是一种新兴的脱盐技术,通过在电极两端施加较低的外加电场除去水中的带电离子和分子,由于其较低的能耗和可持续性而备受关注。基于储能电池领域近年来的迅猛发展,CDI电极材料实现了从以双电层作用机理为代表的碳材料到法拉第电极材料的跨越,使得脱盐性能有了大幅度提升。Na⁺的去除与Cl^-的去除同等重要,然而,CDI中针对氯离子高效去除的电极材料研究关注较少。本文从CDI装置的构型演变发展出发,系统地归纳与梳理了CDI中关于脱氯电极材料的分类,对比了不同类型脱氯电极材料的特点,并总结了Cl^-去除的机理,分别为基于双电层的电吸附、转化反应、离子插层和氧化还原反应。本文是首篇关于CDI阳极材料的进展综述和展望,为CDI除氯电极的后续研究提供理论基础和研究思路。     

空心NiCo2S4纳米球助催化剂担载ZnIn2S4纳米片用于可见光催化制氢

纳米片与空心球上之间的合理界面调控是开发高效太阳能制氢光催化剂的潜在策略。在各类光催化材料中,金属硫化物由于具有相对较窄的带隙和优越的可见光响应能力而被广泛研究。ZnIn₂S₄是一种层状的三元过渡金属半导体光催化剂,其带隙可控(约2.4 eV)。在众多金属硫化物光催化剂中,ZnIn₂S₄引起了广泛兴趣。然而,单纯的ZnIn₂S₄光催化活性仍然相对较差,主要是因为光生载流子的复合率较高、迁移速率较慢。在半导体光催化剂上负载助催化剂是提升光催化剂性能的一种有效方法,因为它不仅可以加速光生电子和空穴的分离,而且还可以降低质子还原反应的活化能。作为一种三元过渡金属硫化物,NiCo₂S₄表现出较高的导电性、较低的电负性、丰富的氧化还原特性以及优越的电催化活性。这些特性表明,NiCo₂S₄可以作为光催化制氢的助催化剂,以加速电荷分离和转移。此外,NiCo₂S₄和ZnIn₂S₄都属于三元尖晶石的晶体结构,这可能有助于构建具有紧密界面接触的NiCo₂S₄/ZnIn₂S₄复合物,从而提高光催化性能。本文中,将超薄ZnIn₂S₄纳米片原位生长到非贵金属助催化剂NiCo₂S₄空心球上,形成具有强耦合界面和可见光吸收的NiCo₂S₄@ZnIn₂S₄分级空心异质结构光催化剂。最优NiCo₂S₄@ZnIn₂S₄复合样品(NiCo₂S₄含量：ca. 3.1%)的析氢速率高达78 μmol·h^-1,约是纳米片组装ZnIn₂S₄光催化剂析氢速率的9倍、约是1% (w, 质量分数)Pt/ZnIn₂S₄样品析氢速率的3倍。此外,该复合光催化剂在反应中表现出良好的稳定性。荧光和电化学测试结果表明,NiCo₂S₄空心球是一种有效的助催化剂,可促进光生载流子的分离和传输,并降低析氢反应的活化能。最后,提出了NiCo₂S₄@ZnIn₂S₄光催化析氢的可能反应机理。在NiCo₂S₄@ZnIn₂S₄复合光催化剂中,具有高导电性的NiCo₂S₄助催化剂可快速接受ZnIn₂S₄上的光生电子,用以还原质子生成氢气,而电子牺牲剂TEOA捕获光生空穴,进而完成光催化氧化还原循环。该研究有望为基于纳米片为次级结构的分级空心异质结光催化剂的设计合成及其光催化制氢研究提供一定的指导。     

Designing a deep-UV nonlinear optical monofluorophosphate

As structural variants of famous hexagonal tungsten bronzes, hexagonal tungsten oxides(HTO) represent an important family with fascinating functional properties, such as piezoelectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, and nonlinear optical(NLO) properties.However, none of them are transparent in the deep-UV spectral region, which limits their applications. Herein, we report the first HTO-type monofluorophosphate K₃Sc₃(PO₄)(PO₃F)₂F₅(I)...     

Inhibition of NADP(H) supply by highly active phosphatase-like ceria nanozymes to boost oxidative stress and ferroptosis

Ceria (CeO₂) with phosphatase-like activity is widely recognized as one of the promising nanozymes. In general, shrinkage of the sizes of CeO₂ can generate large active surface areas for dephosphorylation reactions. However, synthesizing CeO₂ with an ultra-small structure while retaining its surface activity and avoiding its aggregation for use in non-redox biological applications has been a continuous challenge. Herein, a phosphatase-mimicking nanozyme CeO₂ with ultra-small, excellent dispersibility, and accessibility, and largely exposed {111} facet was synthesized via a facile one-pot approach. In contrast to previous reports, which focus on enhancing the ·OH-induced cellular damage by peroxidase- or oxidase-like activity of CeO₂, the present work demonstrates the phosphatase-like activity of CeO₂ for boosting ferroptosis by disrupting cellular homeostasis. Cancer cells require high levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP(H)) to enhance GSH synthesis and resist to ferroptosis. By virtue of the phosphatase-like activity, the obtained CeO₂ could sustainably dephosphorylate NADP(H) and effectively inhibit the intracellular biosynthesis of GSH. Our results showed that using CeO₂ as a phosphatase-mimicking nanozyme to deplete NADP(H) and its synthetic precursor glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) could attenuate the repair mechanisms under oxidative stress via indirectly inhibiting the supply of intracellular GSH and enhancing the occurrence of ferroptosis. The finding offers new insights into the regulation of ferroptosis by high-efficiency non-redox nanozymes, which could pave the way for the development of phosphatase-mimicking nanozymes.     

In situ confinement of iron-based active sites within high porosity carbon frameworks with enhanced activity for rechargeable Zn–air battery

Non-noble bifunctional electrocatalysts with robust activity and stability toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are greatly significant but challenging for Zn-air batteries. Here, in situ confinement of FeN_x active sites in high porosity carbon framework (FeN_x/CMCC) derived from chelate of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and iron ions were synthesized. Particularly, construction of FeN_x within porous carbon framework accelerates the electron transfer and the sufficient utilization of active centers, and then expedites the reaction kinetics of ORR and OER. As expected, the optimized FeN_x/CMCC exhibits superior ORR activity with a larger half-wave potential of 0.869 V. The rechargeable Zn-air battery delivers a higher power density of 99.6 mW/cm² and a special capacity of 781.9 mA h/g_Zn at 10 mA/cm², together with excellent durability of over 335 h. Remarkably, the as-assembled solid-state battery exhibits a higher open circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.5 V, a special capacity of 709.7 mA h/g_Zn, as well as prolonged cycling stability (90 h). Moreover, the flexible solid-state battery displays negligible loss of electrochemical performance under various bending angles, illustrating its potential application in flexible electronic devices.     

Control of pore environment in highly porous carbon materials for C2H6/C2H4 separation with exceptional ethane uptake

Adsorptive separation of C₂H₆ from C₂H₄ by adsorbents is an energy-efficient and promising method to boost the polymer grades C₂H₄ production. However, that C₂H₆ and C₂H₄ display very similar physical properties, making their separation extremely challenging. In this work, by regulating the pore environment in a family of chitosan-based carbon materials (C-CTS-1, C-CTS-2, C-CTS-4, and C-CTS-6)- we target ultrahigh C₂H₆ uptake and C₂H₆/C₂H₄ separation, which exceeds most benchmark carbon materials. Explicitly, the C₂H₆ uptake of C-CTS-2 (166 cm³/g at 100 kPa and 298 K) has the second-highest adsorption capacity among all the porous materials. In addition, C-CTS-2 gives C₂H₆/C₂H₄ selectivity of 1.75 toward a 1:15 mixture of C₂H₆/C₂H₄. Notably, the adsorption enthalpies for C₂H₆ in C-CTS-2 are low (21.3 kJ/mol), which will facilitate regeneration in mild conditions. Furthermore, C₂H₆/C₂H₄ separation performance was confirmed by binary breakthrough experiments. Under different ethane/ethylene ratios, C-CTS-X extracts a low ethane concentration from an ethane/ethylene mixture and produces high-purity C₂H₄ in one step. Spectroscopic measurement and diffraction analysis provide critical insight into the adsorption/separation mechanism. The nitrogen functional groups on the surface play a vital role in improving C₂H₆/C₂H₄ selectivity, and the adsorption capacities depend on the pore size and micropore volume. Moreover, these robust porous materials exhibit outstanding stability (up to 800 °C) and can be easily prepared on a large scale (kg) at a low cost (～$26 per kg), which is very significant for potential industrial applications.     

Correction to: Derived from Diaryl-λ3-Iodane-Containing Polyoxometalate: Iodine-Doped Molybdenum Carbide for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Journal of Cluster Science -