Reactive Compatibilization of Poly(Butylene Terephthalate)/Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate Blends by Epoxy Resin: Morphology and Mechanical Properties

The effect on the notched Izod impact strength of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) by blending it with acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA) was examined. Epoxy resin (ER) was demonstrated to be an efficient compatibilizer for the partially compatible blends of PBT/ASA. It requires only a very small amount of ER to improve the toughness of the PBT/ASA blends drastically. Furthermore, there exists an optimum proportion of ER added to achieve maximum notched Izod impact strength. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation suggests that the ER in the PBT/ASA/ER blends suppressing the tendency of coalescence of ASA, leading to better dispersion of the ASA particles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) shows that ER enhances the phase dispersion and the interfacial adhesion between the PBT and ASA phases, it improves the compatibility between PBT and ASA. The compositions in the interphase was continuous, which results in multiphase composites with a graded interphase. It is suggested that enhanced interphase adhesion was necessary to obtain improved dispersion, fine phase morphology, and better toughness.     

Graft Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate- Acrylonitrile onto Poly(ethene-co-1-butene) and Its Toughening Effect on SAN Resin

Poly(ethene-co-1-butene)-graft-methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile (PEB-g-MAN) was prepared by suspension grafting copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylonitrile(AN) onto PEB. PEB-g-MAN/SAN resin blends (ABMS) were prepared by blending PEB-g-MAN with styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN resin). The effects of AN/(MMA+AN) feed ratio (f_AN), PEB/(PEB+MMA+AN) feed ratio (f_PEB) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) dosage on the monomer conversion ratio (CR), rubber's grafting ratio (GR), grafting efficiency (GE) of the copolymerization and the toughening effect of PEB-g-MAN on the SAN resin were investigated. FTIR quantitative analysis showed that when the weight percent of AN unit in the unextracted product was 21.5 wt% with f_AN of 25 wt%, the toughening effect of unextracted PEB-g-MAN on SAN resin was the highest. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis showed that when f_AN was 25 wt%, the grafted copolymer had the lowest molecular weight and ABMS had highest toughness. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the highest toughness occurred when the phase structure of ABMS was cocontinuous with f_AN of 25 wt%. When f_AN was 25 wt% PEB-g-MAN domains have numerous small SAN domains in them, which was occlusion structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that the ABMS fracture surfaces had plastic flow visible, which looked like a craze fibers morphology, for the sample with highest impact strength (f_AN = 25 wt%). Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) showed that the miscibility of the PEB phase and SAN phase improved after graft copolymerization of MMA and AN onto PEB.     

Flow Injection Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Cerium Based on the Decolorization Reaction Between Arsenazo III and Cerium (IV)

ABSTRACT

Trace amounts of cerium were analyzed by flow injection kinetic spectrophotometry, based on the decolorization reaction between arsenazo III and Ce(IV) in sulfuric acid medium at room temperature. The absorbance difference (ΔA) of decolorization was linear with the concentration of Ce(IV). The flow injection technique was used to precisely control the timing. Under the optimum conditions, the determination of Ce(IV) in the range 0.0–8.0 µg mL^?1 with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9982, the regression equation was ΔA = 0.0014 + 0.0406c (µg mL^?1). The detection limit (3σ) of 0.2 µg mL^?1 was achieved at a sampling frequency of 60 h^?1. The proposed method was applied to the analyses of Ce in soil successfully.     

Improvement of all-optical switching performance based on azo dye-doped polymer film using two cross-linearly polarized pump beams

We propose a method for improving the characteristics of all-optical switching based on azo dye-doped polymers. Using alternately two cross-linearly polarized beams (532 nm, continuous light wave (CW)) to pump azo dye–ethyl red (ER) doped polymer methyl methacrylate (PMMA) film, the modulation depth of the all-optical switching reached 96% at the pump powers of 4.8 mW and 1.6 mW and the modulation frequency of 1000 Hz. For comparison, we used respectively the single linearly polarized beam (4.8 mW) and the alternately linear–circular polarized beams (4.8 mW and 1.6 mW) to pump the film at the modulation frequency of 1000 Hz, the obtained modulation depths of the all-optical switching were 36% and 45.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the experimental measurement and analysis showed that the turn off speed of the all-optical switching could be obviously increased by use of our pump method.     

An extended descent framework for variational inequalities

In this paper, we develop a very general descent framework for solving asymmetric, monotone variational inequalities. We introduce two classes of differentiable merit functions and the associated global convergence frameworks which include, as special instances, the projection, Newton, quasi-Newton, linear Jacobi, and nonlinear methods. The generic algorithm is very flexible and consequently well suited for exploiting any particular structure of the problem.This research was supported by the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Grant A5789, and by the Department of National Defence of Canada, Grant FUHBP.     

Periodic solutions of prescribed energy for a class of symmetric singular dynamical systems

We consider the following Hamiltonian system:

广义流体动力学守恒方程组的弱解的存在性和唯一性问题

本文讨论了非定常广义流体动力学方程组在大尺度情况下平均流动参数所应满足的条件,提出了相应的假设,证明了大尺度平均流动参数弱解的存在性和唯一性。     

一类非光滑函数的区间扩张

本文指出了文献[1]中的一个错误,并给予修正,同时讨论了一类非光滑函数的区间扩张,它在数学规划有很多应用。所举的例子说明,我们给出的区间扩张函数优于文献[1]中的区间扩张函数。     

关于素环的导子

设Ｒ是一个中心为Ｃ的素环，Ｎ是Ｒ的一个非零理想。本文我们将证明下列结果：假设ｄ是Ｒ的一个非零导子使得ｄ＾２（ａ＾２）∈Ｃ对一切ａ∈Ｎ或者〔ｄ（ａ），ａ＾２〕∈Ｃ对一切ａ∈Ｎ，那么当Ｒ的特征不等于２时，Ｒ是一个交换环。我们的结果推广了文献〔２，〔４〕，〔８〕中有关素环导子的某些已知结果。