埋地电缆雷电感应过电压观测和分析

通过测量自然闪电条件下埋地电缆的雷电感应过电压,探讨了不同类型电缆屏蔽层对芯线上感应过电压的影响。结果表明：电缆屏蔽层具有明显降低雷电感应过电压的作用;对同一次自然闪电,相对于电源电缆,控制电缆和信号电缆上感应电压脉冲波形峰峰值分别为65%和26%。在选取的起始脉冲时间段内,电缆感应过电压正、负峰值的绝对值同时增大或减小,具有一定的对应关系。钢带屏蔽层能够有效抑制控制电缆感应过电压400 kHz～1 MHz的频率分量,铜编织带屏蔽层对信号电缆感应过电压50 kHz以下频率分量的削弱效果明显。总体来看,铜编织带比钢带具有更好的屏蔽效果。     

激光驻波中运动电子的谐波自发辐射

采用单电子模型分析了电子在线极化激光驻波中的动力学及谐波自发辐射谱,数值计算了电子在驻波中的运动情况及辐射谱。结果表明:电子在波节和波腹处入射后,其辐射谱出现不同的特征;电子在波节处垂直磁场入射后,在洛伦兹力作用下快速振动并向前运动,其向后辐射的光谱发生红移,向前辐射的光谱发生蓝移,谱线出现展宽;当激光强度或者电子初始能量增大时,这些效应更加突出,以至于产生更高阶谐波,形成连续谱;而电子在波腹处以平行电场的方向入射后,仅在电场作用下作直线运动,其自发辐射谱线没有发生移动和展宽。     

Ultrafast optical switching in Kerr nonlinear photonic crystals

Nonlinear photonic crystals made from polystyrene materials that have Kerr nonlinearity can exhibit ultrafast optical switching when the samples are pumped by ultrashort optical pulses with high intensity due to the change of the refractive index of polystyrene and subsequent shift of the band gap edge or defect state resonant frequency. Polystyrene has a large Kerr nonlinear susceptibility and almost instantaneous response to pump light, making it suitable for the realization of ultrafast optical switching with a response time as short as a few femtoseconds. In this paper, we review our experimental progress on the continual improvement of all-optical switching speed in two-dimensional and three-dimensional polystyrene nonlinear photonic crystals in the past years. Several relevant issues are discussed and analyzed, including different mechanisms for all-optical switching, preparation of nonlinear photonic crystal samples by means of microfabrication and self-assembly techniques, characterization of optical switching performance by means of femtosecond pump-probe technique, and different ways to lower the pump power of optical switching to facilitate practical applications in optical information processing. Finally, a brief summary and a perspective of future work are provided.     

KGd(MoO4)2:Eu as a promising red phosphor for light-emitting diode application

A red phosphor KGd(MoO₄)₂:Eu³⁺ was prepared by solid-state reaction technique at high temperature. Its photoluminescent property was investigated and the optimum concentration of Eu³⁺ doped in the KGd(MoO₄)₂ is 25 mol%. Compared with Y₂O₂S:0.05Eu³⁺, the obtained KGd(MoO₄)₂:Eu³⁺ shows wider excitation band around 400 nm, higher intensity of Eu^{3+ 5}D₀–⁷F₂ emission upon excitation 393 nm, and the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x = 0.655, y = 0.345) are closer to the standard of National Television Standard Committee (NTSC). The optical properties of KGd(MoO₄)₂:Eu³⁺ suggest that it is an efficient red-emitting phosphor for light-emitting diode applications.     

Ferromagnetism in ZnCoO thin films deposited by PLD

Multilayer structures A–B–A⋅⋅⋅ consisting of alternating layers of a metal A and a semiconductor B can show large anisotropy in their transport properties. In tilted multilayer structures, where layer planes and sample surface include a nonzero tilt angle, nonvanishing off-diagonal elements in the sample’s transport tensors lead to transverse Seebeck and Peltier effects. Achievable temperature differences and figures of merit for transverse Peltier cooling are discussed and compared with experiments, coefficients of performance for transverse power generation are calculated.     

Interaction Between Methylene Blue and CalfThymus Deoxyribonucleic Acid by Spectroscopic Technologies

Characterization of the interaction between methylene blue (MB) and calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) was investigated by UV absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, fluorescence polarization and fluorescence quenching experiments by ferrocyanide. The above results indicated that the binding modes of MB to ctDNA were relative to the molar ratio γ (γ=[DNA]/[MB]). At low γ ratios (γ < 4), remarkable hypochromic effect with no shift of λ_max in the absorption spectra of MB was observed in the presence of increasing amounts of ctDNA, the fluorescence of MB was efficiently quenched by the ctDNA bases and the fluorescence polarization of MB was slightly increased, which indicated that MB cations bound to phosphate groups of ctDNA by electrostatic interaction and then stacked on the surface of ctDNA helix. While at high γ ratios (γ > 6), besides the fluorescence of MB was quenched efficiently by the ctDNA bases, a red shift (about 3 nm) in the absorption spectra of MB was observed and the fluorescence polarization of MB was obviously increased, which indicated the intercalation binding that MB molecules were intercalated into the space of two neighbouring DNA base pairs was the preferred mode. Effects of K₄Fe(CN)₆ on the fluorescence quenching of the MB-ctDNA system at low and high γ ratios were also performed. The results showed that at γ = 1.7, the quenching effect by ferrocyanide was higher than that of pure MB, while at γ = 13.6 a decreased quenching of the fluorescence intensity was observed as compared with that of pure MB, which further proved the above conclusion. In addition, the mechanisms of the hypochromic effect and the fluorescence quenching were also discussed in detail.     

相对论磁控管中自磁场的影响

针对相对论磁控管中自磁场的产生与分布、自磁场对电子运动的影响以及自磁场对互作用的影响进行了深入分析。分析认为,由于自磁场分布的不对称,自磁场对不同区域电子束的作用不同。加速器一侧的电子束受到更明显的自磁场作用,促使此区域的电子束角向速度增加,直接激化模式竞争。同时,如果阴极比较靠近加速器一侧的1/4区域(距磁控管对称中心大约1/4高度）,模式竞争将进一步被激化。     

基于原始波形测量的脉冲电场探测器

介绍了脉冲电场微分测量和原始波形测量的基本原理,设计研制了一系列不同灵敏度的脉冲电场原始波形测量系统,分析了脉冲电场探测器的理论修正模型。该测量系统主要包括天线模块、积分器模块、放大和驱动模块以及光电传输模块,利用同轴型TEM小室对测量系统进行了时域标定。结果表明:测量系统的前沿响应时间小于1.0 ns,系统输出脉冲平顶在10.0μs内下降不超过5%,测量系统输出幅度与电场强度在20 dB的动态范围内呈线性关系,该系列探测器可以用来测量最小10 V/m、最大100 kV/m的电场强度,满足高空电磁脉冲标准环境的测量要求。     

古代丝织品及古建彩画蓝色染料的微量及无损分析

染料分析是研究织物颜色老化变色的基础,同时对于了解我国印染工艺的发展有非常重要的作用。通过薄层色谱和拉曼光谱方法,对六个唐代丝绸样品的蓝色染料和故宫建福宫建筑彩画的蓝色物进行了分析,并对两种方法在文物上的适用性进行了比较。结果表明这些呈色物质均为靛蓝,靛蓝不仅作为染料被古人使用,也被当作颜料用于彩绘壁画,使用范围非常广范。两种分析的方法各有利弊,拉曼光谱是无损分析,薄层色谱需要样品量少,但可获得更多的信息。     

Characterize the interaction between naringenin and bovine serum albumin using spectroscopic approach

Naringenin, a flavanone compound highly enriched in grapefruits, has been identified as a possible inhibitor of cell proliferation; and thus has the potential to act as an antitumorigenic agent. In this study, the binding of naringenin to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied at the physiological conditions (pH=7.40) by fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopy. Naringenin strongly quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA, and a decrease in the fluorescence quenching constant was observed together with an increase in temperature, which indicates that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by naringenin is a result of the formation of naringenin-BSA complex. Binding parameters calculating from Stern-Volmer method and Scatchard method showed that naringenin bind to BSA with the binding affinities of the order 10⁴ L mol⁻¹. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG, ΔH and ΔS, were calculated at different temperatures, showing that electrostatic interactions were mostly responsible for the binding of naringenin to BSA. Site marker competitive displacement experiments demonstrating that naringenin bind with high affinity to site I (subdomain IIA) of BSA. Furthermore, the effect of metal ions to naringenin-BSA system was studied, and the specific binding distance r (3.30 nm) between donor (Trp-212) and acceptor (naringenin) was obtained according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET).