Ductile–brittle‐transition phenomenon in polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber blends obtained by dynamic packing injection molding: A new understanding of the rubber‐toughening mechanism

For a more complete understanding of the toughening mechanism of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM) blends, dynamic packing injection molding was used to control the phase morphology and rubber particle orientation in the matrix. The relative impact strength of the blends increased at low EPDM contents, and then a definite ductile–brittle (D–B) transition was observed when the EPDM content reached 25 wt %, at which point blends should fail in the ductile mode with conventional molding. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the shear‐induced crystal structure, morphology, orientation, and phase separation of the blends. WAXD results showed that the observed D–B transition took place mainly for a constant crystal structure (α form). Also, no remarkable changes in the crystallinity and melting point of PP were observed by DSC. The highly oriented and elongated rubber particles were seen via SEM at high EPDM contents. Our results suggest that Wu's criterion is no longer valid when dispersed rubber particles are elongated and oriented. The possible fracture mechanism is discussed on the basis of the stress concentration in a filler‐dispersed matrix. It can be concluded that not only the interparticle distance but also the stress fields around individual particles play an important role in polymer toughening. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2086–2097, 2002     

A New Isopropenyl Benzofuran-type Tetramer from Ligularia stenocephala

A new isopropenyl benzofuran-type tetramer was isolated from the roots of ligularia stenocephala and its structure was established by spectroscopic methods.     

catena‐Poly[[{4‐bromo‐2‐[2‐(dimethyl­amino)ethyl­imino­methyl]­phenol­ato}­copper(II)]‐μ‐azido]

The title complex, [Cu(C₁₁H₁₄BrN₂O)(N₃)]_n, is an inter­esting azide‐bridged polynuclear copper(II) compound. The Cu^II atom is five‐coordinated in a square‐pyramidal configuration, with one O and two N atoms of one Schiff base and one terminal N atom of a bridging azide ligand defining the basal plane, and another terminal N atom of another bridging azide ligand occupying the axial position. The {4‐bromo‐2‐[2‐(dimethyl­amino)ethyl­imino­meth­yl]phenolato}copper(II) moieties are linked by the bridging azide ligands, forming polymeric chains running along the b axis. Adjacent chains are further linked by weak Br⋯Br inter­actions into a sheet.     

Boundary Harnack Principle for <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-harmonic Functions in Smooth Euclidean Domains

We establish a scale-invariant version of the boundary Harnack principle for p-harmonic functions in Euclidean C ^1,1-domains and obtain estimates for the decay rates of positive p-harmonic functions vanishing on a segment of the boundary in terms of the distance to the boundary. We use these estimates to study the behavior of conformal Martin kernel functions and positive p-superharmonic functions near the boundary of the domain. H. A. was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for (B) (2) (No. 15340046) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. N. S. was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-0355027. X. Z. was partially supported by the Taft foundation.     

烯丙基钯催化区域选择性氧化制备甲基酮的研究

报道了以氯化钯作催化剂，区域选择性氧化９－烯丙基－１－氧代－４－氮杂双环（４．３．０）壬烷及１０－烯丙基－１－氧代－４－氮杂双环（５．３．０）癸烷，制备了９－丙酮基－１－氧化－４－氮杂双环（４．３．０）壬烷及１０－丙酮基－１－氧代－４－氮杂双环（５．３．０）癸烷。比较了不同催化条件和溶剂系统的反应收率，发现以ＰｄＣｌ２／对－苯醌为催化系统和以含水的ＤＭＦ溶剂系统氧化收率最高。     

莫阿光纤光栅的光谱特性及其在光分插复用器中的应用

从耦合模理论出发，结合莫阿光纤光栅的结构特性，运用分段均匀和传输矩阵法对幕阿光纤光栅的光谱特性进行了理论分析和数值计算；详细研究了线性啁啾莫阿光纤光栅的滤波特性，在此基础上，提出了一种新型的基于线性啁啾莫阿光纤光栅的光分插复用器的结构设计方案。     

PREPARATION OF ELECTRICAL CONDHCTIVE MOLYBDENUM OXIDE BY THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OE HYDRAZINE-CONTAINING MOLYBDENUM SALT

A new method of preparing electrical conductive molybdenumoxide by thermal decomposition from hydrazine-containing molybdenum saltwas described.The process of the thermal decomposition of hydrazine-containing molybdemum salt was investigated by thermal analysis(TG and DTA)and the thermally decomposed product was studied by S.E.M.and chemicalanalysis.The result indicated that the molybdenum oxide obtained in thisway was electrical conductive.     

Influence of capillary pressure on the evaporation of thin liquid films

A model is presented that considers the influence of capillary pressure on the evaporation of a liquid film on a vertical that plate. The governing equations are derived and numerically integrated with a step-variable Runge-Kutta method. The numerical results are compared with the analytical solution from Nusselt's film condensation theory. The deviation from the Nusselt film theory become very prominent when the liquid film becomes thin enough. This can be attributed to the fact that the Nusselt film theory does not consider the influence of capillary pressure on the shape of the liquid film.Es wird ein Modell vorgestellt, das den Einfluß des Kapillardrucks auf die Verdampfung eines dünnen Flüssigkeitsfilms berücksichtigt, der entlang einer senkrechten Platte herabrieselt. Die maßgebenden Gleichungen werden abgeleitet und numerisch mit einem Runge-Kutta-Verfahren veränderlicher Schrittweite integriert. Die numerischen Ergebnisse werden mit denen der Nusseltschen Filmtheorie verglichen. Dabei ergeben sich beträchtliche Abweichungen von dieser in den Bereichen, in denen der Flüssigkeitsfilm sehr dünn wird. Dies ist darauf zurückzuführen, daß die Nusseltsche Filmtheorie den Einfluß des Kapillardrucks auf die Filmkontur nicht berücksichtigt.