基于扫描探针显微镜(SPM)的高密度信息存储

随着信息技术的飞速发展,高密度信息存储的研究成为国际上备受关注的研究领域。扫描探针显微技术（SPM）通过改变材料的光、电、磁等局域特性可以实现纳米尺度的信息存储,成为提高信息存储密度的最有效手段之一。本文从信息存储材料和技术角度综述了基于SPM的高密度信息存储最近的研究进展,并讨论了其将来的研究和发展方向。     

香豆素类荧光传感器

荧光传感器能够将分子识别的信息转换成荧光信号,荧光法在灵敏度、选择性和实时原位检测等方面优势突出。实时检测被分析物的水平已引起包括化学家、生物学家、临床生物化学家和环境学家的极大兴趣。以香豆素为基础的荧光传感器近年来已成为一个新兴的研究热点。本文综述了香豆素类荧光传感器在阳离子、阴离子、中性分子识别检测中的分子设计、作用机理和应用效果,展望了该领域的发展方向。     

生物质热化学转化制备生物燃料及化学品

生物质是环境友好的可再生能源.近年来相关研究不断升温,文献报道量激增.本文在现有文献综述及近期报道的基础上,从利用热化学方法由生物质获得燃料油及化学品的角度对各方案进行了归纳、适当补充及简要述评,重点介绍了生物油催化裂解精制、水相重整制备烷烃、超临界水/水热制备化学品3个领域.     

Continuous-Variable Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with One-Time Shot-Noise Unit Calibration

Imperfections in practical detectors,including limited detection efficiency,and inherent electronic noise,can seriously decrease the transmission distance of continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution systems.Owing to the difficulties inherent in realizing a high-efficiency fiber homodyne detector,challenges still exist in continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution system implementation.We offer an alternative approach in an attempt to solve these difficulties and improve the potential for system implementation.Here,a novel practical detector modeling method is utilized,which is combined with a one-time shot-noise-unit calibration method for the purpose of system realization.The new modeling method benefits greatly from taking advantage of one-time shot-noise-unit calibration methods,such as measuring electronic noise and shot noise directly to a novel shot-noise unit,so as to eliminate the statistical fluctuations found in previous methods;this makes the implementation of such systems simpler,and the calibration progress more accurate.We provide a simulation of the secret key rate versus distance with different parameters.In addition,the minimal detection efficiency required at each distance,as well as the contrast between the two methods,are also shown,so as to provide a reference in terms of system realization.     

痫愈胶囊质量标准研究

制定了痫愈胶囊(天麻、僵蚕、黄芪、党参)的质量标准。用显微鉴别法鉴别僵蚕,用薄层色谱法鉴别黄芪、党参,用高效液相色谱法测定天麻素含量。天麻素含量在0.1036~2.072μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9997。平均回收率为98.80%,相对标准偏差为0.94%(n=5)。鉴别方法、定量方法可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

多维气相色谱法提高丙烯腈色谱分析速度的方法

采用多维气相色谱法,既可提高丙烯醛、丙酮、乙腈、丙烯腈相邻两组分的分离度,又可提高分析速度。按GDX-502与402的体积比为85∶15比例混装长4.5m、内径3mm的色谱柱;氢气作为载气,流速为65mL/min;柱箱初温140℃保持15min,以15℃/min的速率升至180℃保持12min。丙烯腈样品中7种组分即可全部出峰,总分析时间为30min,比原国标推荐的方法缩短了近50min。     

化学学科的现状及基础化学教育改革问题

1　化学学科现状简介　　自 1 80 2年道尔顿提出原子假说 ,1 81 1年阿佛加德罗又提出分子学说以来 ,化学一直在原子和分子学说的基础上发展着。 1 86 9年门捷列夫所发现的元素周期律及在此基础上构成的元素周期表 ,使化学从而成为一门有着严密体系的学科。由于当时对于原子和分子的结构理论还停留在假说的阶段 ,化学家的研究工作主要侧重于元素的发现、分析或分离组成复杂的样品的方法以及新化合物的合成 ,所以化学的传统定义中只强调合成和分析两个方面。这个传统在基础化学教育中至今仍然有着深刻的影响。 2 0世纪物理学家对原子结构及有…     

Assembly of ferrocenylhexanethiol functionalized gold nanoparticles for ascorbic acid determination

Gold nanoparticles functionalized with self-assembled films of ferrocenylhexanethiol and mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) were used for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA). The modified nanoparticles (mNPs) were prepared by a combination of the modified Schifrin’s and the place-exchange methods. Well-organized films were obtained due to electrostatic attraction between the carboxy groups of MUA and cationic surface of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride). The mNP films are highly stable and can be exploited to fabricate an enzyme-less sensor for AA whose function is based on the highly electrocatalytic activity of ferrocene in the mNPs towards AA. The sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Under optimal conditions, the response current towards AA is proportional to its concentration in the range from 8.0 μM to 6.0 mM, with a detection limit of 0.14 μM (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3). This work represents a simple controlled test-bed for fundamental studies on the use of self-assembled mNPs for sensor applications.     

药载CTAB/正丁醇/TX-100/IPM微乳液凝胶的制备及特性

首先绘制了CTAB/正丁醇/TX-100/IPM/水微乳液及载对乙酰氨基苯酚微乳液拟三相图,然后制备了相应的微乳液凝胶,最后考察了微乳液凝胶载有的对乙酰氨基苯酚在生理盐水中的释放。结果表明,当CTAB与正丁醇/TX-100的混合物(SEM)的质量比为1∶1、TX-100在SEM中的含量小于60%时,CTAB/正丁醇/TX-100/IPM/水微乳液及载对乙酰氨基苯酚微乳液能顺利形成;控制明胶含量在8%～23%之间可制备透明、均匀的微乳液凝胶,明胶含量对凝胶电导率、相对强度有较大影响;在非极性有机溶剂中,凝胶质量和块状外观没有明显的变化,但在水溶性有机溶剂中,凝胶质量和胶块体积均略微减小,在生理盐水中则均有少许增大;在纯水中,凝胶溶胀明显,仅12h就坍塌为糊状;于生理盐水中浸泡6h后,有55.3%的对乙酰氨基苯酚从凝胶中释放出;如果将释放出的药物及时移出体系,24h后会有90%以上的药物从凝胶中释放出来。因此,微乳液凝胶能控释所载药物,可作为药物载体用于某些医疗领域。