Surface Trapping and STM Observation of Conformational Isomers of a Bis(Terpyridine) Ligand from Metallosupramolecular Grids

Tetranuclear Co‐grid complexes incorporating bis‐tridentate ligands, namely 4,6‐bis(2,2′‐bipyrid‐6‐yl)‐2‐phenylpyrimidine, were electrosprayed onto a Au(111) substrate under an ultrahigh vacuum. Fragmentation occurs leaving the ligands in four different conformations. Most ligands are found to form H‐bonded dimers. The most abundant conformer of the ligand on the Au surface is an asymmetric form, which has not been observed before. The present results indicate that the fragmentation of coordination compounds during the deposition process, in principle, allows for surface trapping, identification, and investigation of high energy, out‐of‐equilibrium conformations of the ligand molecules at low temperatures, which otherwise would not be observable.     

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA HVS‐I and HVS‐II in Chinese Bai ethnic group

For forensic and population genetic purposes, a total of 125 unrelated volunteers’ blood samples were collected from Chinese Bai ethnic minority group to analyze sequence variation of two hypervariable segments (HVS‐I and HVS‐II) in the mitochondrial DNA control region. Comparing the HVS‐I and HVS‐II sequences of the 125 Chinese Bais to the Anderson reference sequence, we found 86 polymorphic loci in HVS‐I and 40 in HVS‐II in mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Chinese Bai ethnic minority group, which defined 93 and 53 different haplotypes, respectively. Haplotype diversity and the mean pairwise differences were 0.992 ± 0.003 and 6.553 in HVS‐I, and 0.877 ± 0.027 and 2.407 in HVS‐II, respectively. We defined four macrohaplogroups R, M, N and D with the proportions ranging from 9.6% to 40.0%. With the analysis of the hypervariable domain from nucleotide 16 180–16 193 in HVS‐I, our study revealed new haplotypes of sequence variations. In addition, the Fst metric, phylogenetic tree, and principal component analysis demonstrated a close genetic relationship between the Bai group and Chinese Han populations from South China, Changsha, and Guangdong. The results support that the Bai group is a multiorigin ethnic minority that has merged with the Chinese Han population.     

Chronological protein synthesis in regenerating rat liver

Liver regeneration has been studied for decades; however, its regulation remains unclear. In this study, we report a dynamic tracing of protein synthesis in rat regenerating liver with a new proteomic technique, ³⁵S in vivo labeling analysis for dynamic proteomics (SiLAD). Conventional proteomic techniques typically measure protein alteration in accumulated amounts. The SiLAD technique specifically detects protein synthesis velocity instead of accumulated amounts of protein through ³⁵S pulse labeling of newly synthesized proteins, providing a direct way for analyzing protein synthesis variations. Consequently, protein synthesis within short as 30 min was visualized and protein regulations in the first 8 h of regenerating liver were dynamically traced. Further, the 3.5–5 h post partial hepatectomy (PHx) was shown to be an important regulatory turning point by acute regulation of many proteins in the initiation of liver regeneration.     

Task-specific ionic liquid and CO2-cocatalysed efficient hydration of propargylic alcohols to α-hydroxy ketones

The hydration of propargylic alcohols is a green route to synthesize α-hydroxy ketones. Herein a CO₂-reactive ionic liquid (IL), [Bu₄P][Im], was found to display high performance for catalyzing the hydration of propargylic alcohols in the presence of atmospheric CO₂, and a series of propargylic alcohols could be converted into the corresponding α-hydroxy ketones in good to excellent yields. In the IL/CO₂ reaction system, CO₂ served as a cocatalyst by forming α-alkylidene cyclic carbonates with propargylic alcohols, and was released via the rapid hydrolysis of the carbonates catalysed by the IL. This is the first example of the efficient hydration of propargylic alcohols under metal-free conditions.     

单原子催化——概念、方法与应用

单原子催化体系的成功构建将催化领域研究深入到更小的尺度范围,不仅可以从原子层次认识复杂的多相催化反应,而且由于其优越的催化性能在工业催化中具有巨大的应用潜能。本文基于近年来国内外研究者在单原子催化领域的研究工作,总结归纳了单原子催化剂的性能特征,介绍了单原子催化剂的制备手段、表征技术、理论研究及其在CO氧化、选择性加氢和光电催化等反应中的应用研究进展,分析了单原子催化剂特殊的电子结构对催化性能和反应机理的影响及其作用机制,指出了单原子催化体系在研究领域取得的突破与不足,对于深刻认识单原子催化的概念与原理、完善实验与理论研究方法、拓展应用范围和尽早实现工业应用提出了建议与展望。