In situ TEM studies of oxygen vacancy migration for electrically induced resistance change effect in cerium oxides

Oxide materials with resistance hysteresis are very promising for next generation memory devices. However, the microscopic dynamic process of the resistance change is still elusive. Here, we use in situ transmission electron microscopy method to study the role of oxygen vacancies for the resistance switching effect in cerium oxides. The structure change during oxygen vacancy migration in CeO₂ induced by electric field was in situ imaged inside high-resolution transmission electron microscope, which gives a direct evidence for oxygen migration mechanism for the microscopic origin of resistance change effect in CeO₂. Our results have implications for understanding the nature of resistance change in metal oxides with mixed valence cations, such as fluorite, rutile and perovskite oxides.     

四气门汽油机缸内滚流运动对燃烧过程影响的研究

1引言近年来，四气门汽油机由于性能优越，已成为车用发动机的发展方向，而我国在这方面的研究和开发还没有开展。对其缸内空气运动的研究发现[1-4]：当两个进气门都打开时，缸内空气运动主要是绕与气缸轴线垂直方向旋转的滚流运动（Tumblemotion），与传统二气门发动机缸内形成的绕气缸轴线旋转的涡流运动（Swirlmotion）不同；它在压缩末期很容易破碎，大大增加了湍流强度，促进燃烧过程明显改善。但在低速时，由于进气速度下降，燃油在进气道蒸发和雾化变差，使燃烧过程恶化，发动机扭矩下降。为此，一些汽车公司采用在低速时将一个进气…     

A novel calibration approach to structured light 3D vision inspection

Structured light 3D vision inspection is a commonly used method for various 3D surface profiling techniques. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to generate the sufficient calibration points with high accuracy for structured light 3D vision. This approach is based on a flexible calibration target, composed of a photo-electrical aiming device and a 3D translation platform. An improved algorithm of back propagation (BP) neural network is also presented, and is successfully applied to the calibration of structured light 3D vision inspection. Finally, using the calibration points and the improved algorithm of BP neural network, the best network structure is established. The training accuracy for the best BP network structure is 0.083 mm, and its testing accuracy is 0.128 mm.     

Simple copper/TEMPO catalyzed aerobic dehydrogenation of benzylic amines and anilines

CuBr(2) with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl-1-oxy (TEMPO) has been successfully employed for the aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary benzyl amines in aqueous acetonitrile. Such catalytic systems have previously been used extensively in alcohol oxidation reactions. The same catalyst system was also used for oxidative cross-couplings of benzylamines with anilines. The electronic and steric properties of the aniline partner were found to be of crucial importance in determining reactivity or lack thereof. A mechanism for these reactions is proposed based on the data obtained to date. In the absence of benzyl amines, electron-rich anilines were found to undergo dehydrogenative coupling and yields of the resulting azo products could be increased by replacing CuBr(2) with CuBr. No ligand (e.g. pyridine) is required for either reaction to proceed and presumably water and acetonitrile solvate the copper-containing intermediates.     

Determination of As(III) and As(V) in water samples by flow injection online sorption preconcentration coupled to hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

A method was developed for the determination of arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] in water samples using flow injection online sorption coupled with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) using a cigarette filter as the sorbent. Selective determination of As(III) was achieved through online formation and retention of the pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate arsenic complex on the cigarette filter, but As(V) which did not form complexes was discarded. After reducing As(V) to As(III) using L-cysteine, total arsenic was determined by HG-AFS. The concentration of As(V) was calculated by the difference between As(III) and total arsenic. The analytes were eluted from the sorbent using 1.68 mol L^?1 HCl. With consumption of 22 mL of the sample solution, the enrichment factor of As(III) was 25.6. The detection limits (3σ/k) and the relative standard deviation for 11 replicate determinations of 1.0 ng mL^?1 As(III) were found to be 7.4 pg mL^?1 and 2.6%, respectively.     

新型含肟醚Strobilurins衍生物的合成及杀菌活性研究

Strobilurins类化合物具有优异的杀菌活性, 设计并合成了12个未见文献报道的含肟醚Strobilurins类衍生物, 其化学结构经1H NMR, IR, HPLC/MS和元素分析表征. 初步生物活性测定结果表明, 该类化合物具有良好的杀菌活性, 如6b～6d和6h在500 μg/mL浓度下对小麦白粉病菌的防效达90%以上, 同时, 6c和6d对稻瘟病菌的抑制率也达90%以上, 其中, 化合物6c在25 μg/mL的浓度下, 对小麦白粉病菌的防效仍达72%.     

激光悬浮力计算模型分析

在Ａｓｈｋｉｎ的光学悬浮纯几何光线模型的基础上，采用立体解析几何的方法加以改进，对单光束聚焦俘获透明介质小球的作用力进行了分析和数值计算，得出了不同参数条件下光辐射压力的量级。特别地，给出了光的线偏振方向对悬浮力的影响，以及空间微重力条件下悬浮粒子可能的力学行为。     

Aerosol assisted synthesis of silica/phenolic resin composite mesoporous hollow spheres

Hollow spheres of phenolic resin/silica composite are synthesized by macroscopic phase separation of a sorbitan monooleate surfactant Span 80 during aerosol-assisted spraying. The cavity can be evolved from multiple compartments to single hollow cavity with the increase of Span 80 content. The composite shell becomes mesoporous due to the release of small molecules after thermal treatment above 350 °C. After further thermal treatment at a higher temperature for example 900 °C in nitrogen or 1,450 °C in argon, the carbon/silica composite hollow spheres or crystalline silicon carbide hollow spheres are derived, respectively. Compared to the pure phenolic resin-based carbon spheres, thermal stability of the carbon-based composite spheres in air is essentially improved by the introduction of inorganic component silica. The carbon-based composite hollow spheres combine both performances of easy mass transportation through macropores and high specific surface area of mesopores, which will be promising to support catalysts for fuel cells. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.