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81.
Conditions for selective palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative 2‐arylation of 3‐substituted thiophene and furan derivatives bearing an ester at C2 position have been established. By using 2 mol% phosphine‐free Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst and a mixture of KOH and K2CO3 as the bases, in dimethylacetamide, moderate to good yields of the desired 2‐arylated products were obtained. A range of functional groups such as nitrile, nitro, formyl or acetyl on the aryl bromides was tolerated. This method allows us to employ in some cases more convenient reactants in terms of cost or physical properties (boiling point) for arylations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
82.
A unique ultrafine full-vulcanized powdered ethyl acrylate rubber (EA-UFPR) was used as the toughening modifier for poly (lactic acid) (PLA). Largely improved tensile toughness was successfully achieved with the incorporation of only 1 wt% EA-UFPR, while the tensile strength and modulus of the blends were almost the same as pure PLA. The highly efficient toughening of PLA by UFPR is mainly ascribed to the strong interfacial interaction between PLA and UFPR and good dispersion of UFPR particles in PLA matrix. Our work provides an effective toughening method to largely improve the mechanical properties of PLA without sacrificing its stiffness, which is very important for the wide application of PLA materials. 相似文献
83.
84.
Atom-to-molecule conversion by the technique of optical Feshbach resonance in a magnetic lattice is studied in the mean-field approximation. For the case of a shallow lattice, we give the dependence of the atomto-molecule conversion efficiency on tunnelling strength and atomic interaction by taking a double-well as an example. We find that one can obtain a high atom-to-molecule conversion by tuning the tunnelling and interaction strengths of the system. For the case of a deep lattice, we show that the existence of the lattice can improve the atom-to-molecule conversion for certain initial states. 相似文献
85.
Yaru Fu Xiaoyu Jiang Zhaolin Jiang Seong Tae Jhang 《Journal of Applied Analysis & Computation》2020,10(4):1599-1613
In this paper, tridiagonal Toeplitz matrix (type I, type II) with opposite-bordered rows are introduced. Main attention is paid to calculate the determinants, the inverses and the eigenpairs of these matrices. Specifically, the determinants of an $n\times n$ tridiagonal Toeplitz matrix with opposite-bordered rows can be explicitly expressed by using the $(n-1)$th Fibonacci number, the inversion of the tridiagonal Toeplitz matrix with opposite-bordered rows can also be explicitly expressed by using the Fibonacci numbers and unknown entries from the new matrix. Besides, we give the expression of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the tridiagonal Toeplitz matrix with opposite-bordered rows. In addition, some algorithms are presented based on these
theoretical results. Numerical results show that the new algorithms have much better computing efficiency than some existing algorithms studied recently. 相似文献
86.
Pirita Rämänen Paavo A. Penttilä Kirsi Svedström Sirkka Liisa Maunu Ritva Serimaa 《Cellulose (London, England)》2012,19(3):901-912
Cellulose whiskers were prepared from wood- and cotton-based microcrystalline cellulose and dried by two methods: freeze-drying or air-drying. The effect of drying method on the properties and structure of the whiskers were studied. Furthermore, the influence of the source of cellulose on the nanoscale structure was investigated. Drying method was observed to slightly influence the thermal stability of cellulose whiskers, whereas the char residue varied significantly depending on the drying process performed. Small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to examine the crystallinity and nanoscale structure of the dried whiskers. It was observed that the crystal structure and crystallinity of cellulose whiskers remained during all treatments, whereas their nanoscale structure was significantly influenced by drying method, neutralization, and source of cellulose. Relationships between thermal behavior and nanoscale structure were reported and discussed. 相似文献
87.
Zuzana Cibulková Andrea Černá Peter Šimon Ján Uhlár Karol Kosár Peter Lehocký 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2012,108(2):415-419
The type of cooperation between antioxidants in the binary mixtures of four substituted diphenylamines and phenotiazine in the stabilization of styrene-butadiene rubber has been tested. Thermooxidation of the samples has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry under non-isothermal conditions. The protection factors of the individual stabilizers and their mixtures were determined. The synergy factors were applied to asses the type of cooperation of antioxidants in the mixtures. From their values it can be concluded that the type of cooperation depends on temperature. The highest synergistic effect has been observed for the mixture of phenotiazine and [4-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)-phenyl]-phenylamine. 相似文献
88.
Bin Zhao 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2012,107(1):387-393
In order to study the temperature changing rule of the crude oil in the storage tank, the wavelet finite element method, the traditional finite element method and the test were used to carry out the numerical simulation. Firstly, the thermal wavelet finite element was put forward established based on thermal finite element theory and the wavelet theory. And the computational model and three boundary conditions were established. And then the temperature changing rule of the crude oil in the storage tank in 24 h for three boundary conditions was obtained by using three methods, and the results showed that the wavelet finite element method had advantages in the numerical analysis of the temperature changing rule of the crude oil in the storage. And then the temperature distribution rule of the crude oil in the storage tank under different conditions in 5 h was obtained. And the temperature changing mechanism of the crude oil was summarized finally. 相似文献
89.
Giovanna Bruni Vittorio Berbenni Franco Sartor Chiara Milanese Alessandro Girella Dionigio Franchi Amedeo Marini 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2012,108(1):235-241
In this work, thermoanalytical, diffractometry, and microscopy measurements have been performed in order to characterize the effect of high energy milling on a drug active in the migraine prophylaxis and smoke cessation. We can assert that the mechanical treatment induces only a partial amorphisation of the solid phase, in particular it reduces the crystal order by producing lattice defects which propagate from the surface to the bulk crystal. For this reason, the DSC is able to detect the presence of ordered solid, while the powder X-ray diffractometry, because of its low penetration depth, does not reach the crystalline core of the particles. 相似文献
90.
Manuel A. V. Ribeiro da Silva 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2012,108(2):533-535