低速风洞微机控制闭环调速

本文提出一种用于调节低速风洞流速的测量及控制系统。该系统以微计算机为核心,不断采集风洞实验段的流速数据,并根据测量结果与指定值的比较去调节和控制风洞的电机转速,使风洞能准确地按指定风速运行或按予定的程序升速或降速,实现了低速风洞的闭环自动调速。本文给出了该系统的构成原理和性能实验结果。测试结果表明,本系统的超调量小于5％,稳态误差小于0.3％,调节时间小于50秒。     

PERTURBATION FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR SOLVING GEOMETRICALLY NONLINEAR PROBLEMS OF AXISYMMETRICAL SHELL

In analysing the geometrically nonlinear problem of an axisymmetrical thin-walled shell, the paper combines the perturbation method with the finite element method by introducing the former into the variational equation to obtain a series of linear equations of different orders and then solving the equations with the latter. It is well-known that the finite element method can be used to deal with difficult problems as in the case of structures with complicated shapes or boundary conditions, and the perturbation method can change the nonlinear problems into linear ones. Evidently the combination of the two methods will give an efficient solution to many difficult nonlinear problems and clear away some obstacles resulted from using any of the two methods solely. The paper derives all the formulas concerning an axisym-metric shell of large deformation by means of the perturbation finite element method and gives two numerical examples,the results of which show good convergence characteristics.     

Ge-Sb-Se硫系薄膜制备及光学特性研究

介绍了几种常见的硫系薄膜制备方法, 根据现有实验条件采用热蒸发法和磁控溅射法制备出Ge-Sb-Se三元体系硫系薄膜, 通过台阶仪测试薄膜的厚度和表面粗糙度, 计算出两种制备方法的成膜速率, 并通过X射线光电子能谱测试了两种制备方法所得薄膜与块体靶材组分的差别. 利用Z扫描技术和分光光度计测试了热蒸发法制备所得薄膜的三阶非线性性能和透过光谱, 计算出非线性折射率、非线性吸收系数和薄膜厚度等参数. 结果表明热蒸发法制备Ge-Sb-Se薄膜具有良好的物理结构和光学特性, 在集成光学器件方面很高的应用潜力.     

介电泳在生命探测器中的应用

<正>生命探测仪是用于地震、建筑物倒塌等灾害现场搜索幸存被困人员的一种侦察仪器,在5·12汶川地震和青海玉树地震救援中,消防官兵正是使用     

一种基于复数域微分的资料同化新方法

提出了一种基于复数域微分的资料同化新方法. 针对变分资料同化中目标泛函梯度计算复杂和精度不高的问题, 首先利用复变量求导法把梯度分析过程转化为复变泛函的数值计算, 进而高效和高精度地获得梯度值; 然后结合经典的最优化方法, 给出了非线性物理系统资料同化问题的新求解算法; 最后对典型混沌系统和包含“开关”现象的单格点比湿发展方程进行了资料同化数值实验, 结果表明新方法能非常有效地估计出非线性动力预报模式的初始条件. 关键词： 资料同化 复数域微分 非线性物理系统 梯度分析     

On the sensitive dynamical system and the transition from the apparently deterministic process to the completely random process

The detailed analysis of the dynamical process of coin tossing is made. Through calculations, it is illustrated how and why the result is extremely sensitive to the initial conditions. It is also shown that, as the initial height of the mass center of the coin increases, the final configuration, i.e. head or tail, becomes more and more sensitive to the initial parameters (the initial velocity angular velocity, and the initial orientation), the coefficient of the air drag, and the energy absorption factor of the surface on which the coin bounces. If we keep the head upward initially but allow a small range for the change of some other initial parameters, the frequency that the final configuration is head, would be 1 if the initial height h of the mass center is sufficiently small, and would be clo to 1/2 if h is sufficiently large. An interesting question is how this frequency changes continuously from 1 to 1/2 as h increases. Detailed calculations show that such a transition is very similar to the transition from laminar to turbulent flows. A basic difference between the transition stage and the completely random stage is indicated: In the completely random stage, the deterministic process of the individual case is extremely sensitive to the initial conditions and the dynamical parameters, out the statistical properties of the ensemble are insensitive to the small changes of the initial conditions and the dynamical parameters. On the contrary, in the transition stage, both the deterministic process of the individual case and the statistical properties of the ensemble are sensitive to the initial conditions and the dynamical parameters. The mechanism for this feature of the transition stage is the existence of the long-train structure in the parameter space. The illuminations of this analysis on some other random phenomena are discussed.     

噪声对滑动移除近似熵的影响

受外强迫和仪器本身的测量误差等因素的影响, 观测数据中经常包含噪声和扰动等一些虚假的信息. 针对这一问题, 本文研究了各种不同噪声对滑动移除近似熵的影响. 研究结果表明, 滑动移除近似熵的检测结果受尖峰噪声和高斯白噪声的影响较小, 意味着其具有很强的抗噪能力, 这为该方法在实际观测资料中的广泛应用提供了坚实的实验基础.     

有机薄膜电致发光器件载流子注入和传输性质的研究

制备了不同电极、不同厚度、以8-羟基喹啉铝螯合物(Alq3)为发光层的有机薄膜电致发光(TFEL)器件。分析了它们的电流密度-电压关系。不同阳极器件的电流变化很大,而改变阴极时电流密度的变化较小,说明电流以空穴为主。根据不同阴极器件的电致发光效率的比较,说明电子是决定器件电致发光效率的少数载流子。从不同厚度的器件的结果讨论了载流子的传输性质,认为在ITO/Alq3/Al器件中的电流符合陷阱限制的空间电荷电流.     

Explicit calculation of a tricritical point in a Pauli paramagnetically limited superconductor

We extend the Maki-Tsuneto Green's function formulation for the critical magnetic field vs temperature of a Pauli paramagnetically limited thin film superconductor to include the field conjugate to the order parameter and show the system displays a tricritical point. We present numerical calculations within the mean field theory in the neighborhood of the tricritical point and describe an explicit experimental arrangement for producing an adjustable staggered field.