超长碳纳米管的结构调控与制备：进展与挑战

碳纳米管由于其优异的性能和广泛的应用,在过去近三十年中引起了研究者广泛的研究兴趣。在众多不同类型的碳纳米管中,超长碳纳米管由于具有厘米级甚至分米级以上的宏观长度和相对完美的结构,展示出了优异的力学、电学、热学等多方面的优异性能,在透明显示、微电子产业、超强纤维、航空航天等领域具有广阔的应用前景。超长碳纳米管的结构控制制备是充分开发其优异性能并实现其实际应用的关键。在过去二十多年间,超长碳纳米管的研究取得了重要的进展。但同时,在结构控制与批量制备方面也面临巨大的挑战,还存在许多尚未解决的科学与技术难题,从而限制了其实际应用。本文对超长碳纳米管的生长机理、结构控制、选择性制备以及优异性能方面的进展及其背后的创新思想进行了系统的回顾;与此同时,讨论了超长碳纳米管近年来的研究进展、目前面临的挑战和未来的重点攻关方向。期望本文能为超长碳纳米管的可控合成、批量制备以及未来应用提供更多的启发和借鉴,为早日实现高质量超长碳纳米管的宏量制备和产业化起到一些推动作用。     

An Ultra‐Long‐Life Lithium‐Rich Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 Cathode by Three‐in‐One Surface Modification for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Voltage decay and capacity fading are the main challenges for the commercialization of Li‐rich Mn‐based layered oxides (LLOs). Now, a three‐in‐one surface treatment is designed via the pyrolysis of urea to improve the voltage and capacity stability of Li_1.2Mn_0.6Ni_0.2O₂ (LMNO), by which oxygen vacancies, spinel phase integration, and N‐doped carbon nanolayers are synchronously built on the surface of LMNO microspheres. Oxygen vacancies and spinel phase integration suppress irreversible O₂ release and help lithium ion diffusion, while N‐doped carbon nanolayer mitigates the corrosion of electrolyte with excellent conductivity. The electrochemical performance of LMNO after the treatment improves significantly; the capacity retention rate after 500 cycles at 1 C is still as high as 89.9 % with a very small voltage fading rate of 1.09 mV cycle^?1. This three‐in‐one surface treatment strategy can suppress the voltage decay and capacity fading of LLOs.     

聚电解质型正渗透汲取液

聚电解质作为正渗透汲取液具有渗透压高、溶质反向渗透、易于回收等特点,符合理想正渗透汲取液的要求。此外,多种分离方法诸如纳滤、超滤和热处理可用于其回收,使得聚电解质型汲取液成为诸如氯化钠等的传统无机汲取液的理想代替物。近年来关于聚电解质型汲取液的研究日益增加,而聚电解质型汲取液较无机型汲取液有许多独特的性质,应对相关研究进展予以总结。本文以聚电解质的化学结构分类对其研究进展进行了概述。重点总结了不同种类聚电解质的分子量、渗透压、黏度等性质,以及正渗透过程的水通量及溶质反向渗透情况,同时还介绍了相应的正渗透机理。最后,探讨和总结了各类汲取液的特点,并展望了未来的研究方向。     

p区金属基电催化还原二氧化碳制甲酸催化剂研究进展

以清洁可再生电能为驱动力,常温常压下将二氧化碳(CO₂)选择性还原转化生成高附加值化学品或燃料,是解决目前能源和环境问题、实现CO₂资源化利用、促进碳循环回归平衡的有效手段之一。由于生成不同产物的还原电位和反应历程不同,单位产物的生产成本各有差异。最近研究表明,HCOOH是所有电化学CO₂还原产物中最具有经济效益和实用价值的产物之一。本文从电催化还原CO₂制HCOOH生成机理出发,综述了p区金属(如Sn、Bi、In)基催化剂在电催化还原CO₂制HCOOH领域取得的重要研究进展,其中以典型催化剂为例分析了CO₂还原生成HCOOH活性提高策略如氧化物还原转化、形貌调控、掺杂和合金化等,重点探讨了活性位点种类、数量以及催化剂电子结构在关键中间体*CO₂^.-、*OCHO的形成和吸附中的作用,最后总结了目前该领域面临的挑战以及未来发展方向。     

大型结构大修改下的静力重分析方法

对于大型结构发生参数大修改时, 采用组合近似算法进行结构位移重分析会使所得的近似解与真实解误差较大. 为了解决组合近似算法在大型结构发生参数大修改时的求解精度不足缺陷, 提出了3种改进的结构静力重分析方法. 该3种改进算法都是基于组合近似算法, 并分别通过位移迭代修正、刚度逐步逼近等措施使求解精度不断提高. 通过2个算例验证了3种改进算法的有效性和高效性, 并对3种改进算法之间的求解效率进行了比较.      

TRIM45 causes neuronal damage by aggravating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation upon cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury

Excessive and unresolved neuroinflammation is a key component of the pathological cascade in brain injuries such as ischemic stroke. Tripartite motif-containing 45 (TRIM45) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase involved in various critical biological processes. However, the role of TRIM45 in cerebral ischemia remains unknown. Here, we found that the TRIM45 protein was highly expressed in the peri-infarct areas of mice subjected to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. This study systemically evaluated the putative role of TRIM45 in the regulation of neuroinflammation during ischemic injury and the potential underlying mechanisms. We found that TRIM45 knockdown significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in primary cultured microglia challenged with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that TRIM45 constitutively interacted with TAB2 and consequently facilitated the Lys-63-linked polyubiquitination of TAB2, leading to the formation of the TAB1–TAK1–TAB2 complex and activation of TAK1, which was ultimately followed by activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In an in vitro coculture Transwell system, downregulation of TRIM45 expression also inhibited the OGD/R-induced activation of microglia and alleviated neuronal apoptosis. More importantly, microglia-specific knockdown of TRIM45 in mice significantly reduced the infarct size, mitigated neurological deficit scores, and improved cognitive function after ischemic stroke. Taken together, our study reveals that the TRIM45–TAB2 axis is a crucial checkpoint that controls NF-κB signaling in microglia during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Therefore, targeting TRIM45 may be an attractive therapeutic strategy.Subject terms: Cell death in the nervous system, Stroke     

Synthesis and Characterization of an α-Fe2O3-Decorated g-C3N4 Heterostructure for the Photocatalytic Removal of MO

This study describes the preparation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), hematite (α-Fe₂O₃), and their g-C₃N₄/α-Fe₂O₃ heterostructure for the photocatalytic removal of methyl orange (MO) under visible light illumination. The facile hydrothermal approach was utilized for the preparation of the nanomaterials. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) were carried out to study the physiochemical and optoelectronic properties of all the synthesized photocatalysts. Based on the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance (DRS) results, an energy level diagram vs. SHE was established. The acquired results indicated that the nanocomposite exhibited a type-II heterojunction and degraded the MO dye by 97%. The degradation ability of the nanocomposite was higher than that of pristine g-C₃N₄ (41%) and α-Fe₂O₃ (30%) photocatalysts under 300 min of light irradiation. The formation of a type-II heterostructure with desirable band alignment and band edge positions for efficient interfacial charge carrier separation along with a larger specific surface area was collectively responsible for the higher photocatalytic efficiency of the g-C₃N₄/α-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite. The mechanism of the nanocomposite was also studied through results obtained from UV-vis and XPS analyses. A reactive species trapping experiment confirmed the involvement of the superoxide radical anion (O₂^•−) as the key reactive oxygen species for MO removal. The degradation kinetics were also monitored, and the reaction was observed to be pseudo-first order. Moreover, the sustainability of the photocatalyst was also investigated.     

一个择一定理及对广义凸规划的应用

本文在实线性空间中得出了广义凸函数的择一定理 ,利用这一定理 ,我们获得广义凸规划的最优性条件     

吉林大学化学学科国际化人才培养模式的探索与实践

吉林大学化学学科作为国家“双一流”建设学科,始终将一流人才的培养作为不懈追求发展的根本目标。充分利用海外优质教育资源,建设与实施多元化、特色化的海外优质课程和国际交流项目,通过搭建外延式实践平台,支持能力阶梯式增长,为培养具有创新意识、实践能力、国际竞争力和家国情怀的高素质人才构建了多层次、国际化的创新人才培养模式,培养了大批化学领域的杰出人才。     

Properties of circularly polarized vortex beams

The properties of circularly polarized vortex beams in cylindrical polarization bases are studied. A circularly polarized vortex beam is decomposed into radial and azimuthal polarization. With the proper combination of vortex charge and the handedness of the circular polarization, a focal field with an extremely strong longitudinal component as well as a flat-topped profile can be obtained. The cylindrical decomposition also sheds light on the connections between orbital angular momentum and the spin of the light beams.