反应挤出接枝共聚反应表观链增长常数的测量

以预辐照的LLDPE反应挤出接枝MAA作为研究对象，通过在双螺杆挤出机中的不同部位取样，用FFIR分析接枝物及均聚物的产量，并用ESR测试链增长自由基浓度，设计了测定接枝和均聚反应初始阶段的表观链增长常数的方法,结果表明，在本实验测试范围内表观接枝链增长常数不同于均聚链增长常数；所得的测量值符合理论预测值，证明测试方法适合高温熔融体系的研究。     

W-Mo系复合材料的制备及其特性波阻抗

 采用放电等离子烧结技术，在相同的温度（1 473 K）及压力（30 MPa）下，制备出不同配比的致密的W-Mo系复合材料样品。采用高精度超声波脉冲回波重合方法，精确测量了超声波在样品中传播的横、纵波声速，并由此得到样品的特性波阻抗值。对样品的相组成分析及电子探针分析的结果表明，W-Mo系复合材料主要是以W、Mo机械混合的形式通过粘结相获得致密化的。因此，选用混合物模型对其特性波阻抗值进行了理论预测，与实测值的比较表明该模型能对W-Mo系复合材料的特性波阻抗作出比较准确的预测。     

An Alternative Stereoselective Synthesis of Protected Trans-5-Alkyl-4-Hydroxy-2-Pyrrolidinones

A flexible approach to protected trans-5-alkyl-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinones was described. The key step involved the α-amidoalkylation of benzene-sulfone derived from (S)-malic acid, with organozinc reagents generated in situ from Grignard reagents and anhydrous ZnCl₂-OEt₂.     

A concise method for synthesis of diaryl aryl- or alkylphosphonates

A convenient method has been developed to synthesize diaryl arylphosphonates from triaryl phosphites, triethyl phosphite, and aromatic halides. The new method relies on the triethyl phosphite assisted nickel catalyzed Arbuzov reaction and can be applied to synthesize certain diaryl alkylphosphonates without catalysts.     

构元组集损伤断裂模型及其与内聚区模型的比较

结构的响应实质上是材料的响应,宏观结构损伤至断裂的发展过程也是材料性质不断演化的结果.构元组集模型从材料的微观物理变形机制出发,基于对泛函势理论和Cauchy-Born准则,抽象出两种构元:弹簧束构元和体积构元.在微观层次上,结构损伤和断裂的实质都是原子间键合力减弱和丧失的结果,而弹簧束构元是同一方向上的原子键的抽象,因此损伤可以通过弹簧束构元的响应曲线来反映.组集两种构元的响应,建立了材料的弹性损伤本构关系,从而能一致描述材料从弹性到损伤、破坏的发展过程.将构元组集模型的本构关系嵌入ABAQUS的用户材料单元子程序UMAT,实现对结构响应的数值模拟.论文模拟了包含中心预制裂纹三点弯曲梁的裂纹扩展过程,并与内聚区模型比较,给出了内聚区模型所假设的应力-位移关系曲线,并从材料损伤演化的角度对材料裂纹扩展过程做出了物理解释.     

Evolution of planetary boundary layer under different weather conditions,and its impact on aerosol concentrations

A field experiment was conducted in Tianjin,China from September 9-30,2010,focused on the evolution of Planetary Boundary Layer（PBL） and its impact on surface air pollutants.The experiment used three remote sensing instruments,wind profile radar（WPR）,microwave radiometer（MWR） and micro-pulse lidar（MPL）,to detect the vertical profiles of winds,temperature,and aerosol backscattering coefficient and to measure the vertical profiles of surface pollutants（aerosol,CO,SO₂,NO_x）,and also collected sonic anemometers data from a 255-m meteorological tower.Based on these measurements,the evolution of the PBL was estimated.The averaged PBL height was about 1000-1300 m during noon/afternoon-time, and 200-300 m during night-time.The PBL height and the aerosol concentrations were anti-correlated during clear and haze conditions.The averaged maximum PBL heights were 1.08 and 1.70 km while the averaged aerosol concentrations were 52 and 17μg/m³ under haze and clear sky conditions,respectively. The influence of aerosols and clouds on solar radiation was observed based on sonic anemometers data collected from the 255-m meteorological tower.The heat flux was found significantly decreased by haze （heavy pollution） or cloud,which tended to depress the development of PBL,while the repressed structure of PBL further weakened the diffusion of pollutants,leading to heavy pollution.This possible positive feedback cycle（more aerosols→lower PBL height→more aerosols） would induce an acceleration process for heavy ground pollution in megacities.     

纳米颗粒悬浮液池内泡状沸腾的实验研究

本文对纳米颗粒悬浮液在平壁面上池内沸腾进行了实验研究。实验用的纳米粒子为26 nm的铁粉和13 nm的三氧化二铝纳米粉末,基液为去离子水。分别配成体积浓度为0．1％, 1％和2％的悬浮液。实验结果表明,纳米悬浮颗粒对液体沸腾换热过程的影响会随着纳米颗粒性质,颗粒浓度及热流密度大小的不同而出现不同的效果;加入纳米颗粒后, 对基液沸腾换热的影响存在着两个相反的作用机制,它们分别为:纳米颗粒增强了液体内部的热量迁移能力(热物性的影响)和改变了加热面的表面结构特性(加热面特性的影响)。     

水滴撞击结冰过程的分子动力学模拟

利用三维分子动力学模拟方法,研究了纳米尺度水滴撞击冷壁面的结冰过程.数值模拟中,统计系统采用微正则系综,势能函数选用TIP4P/ice模型,温度校正使用速度定标法,牛顿运动方程的求解采用文莱特算法,水滴内部结冰过程则通过统计垂直方向水分子温度分布来判定.研究发现,当冷壁面温度降低时,水滴完全结冰的时间减小,但水滴降至壁面温度的时间却增大;同时随着壁面亲水性降低,水滴内部热传递速度减慢(尤其是冷壁面与水滴底端分子层间),水滴内部温度趋于均匀,但水滴完全结冰时间延长.     

Tensor ABCD law for partially coherent twisted anisotropic Gaussian-Schell model beams

A 4 x 4 complex curvature tensor M>(-1) is introduced to describe partially coherent anisotropic Gaussian-Schell model (GSM) beams. An analytical propagation formula for the cross-spectral density of partially coherent anisotropic GSM beams is derived. The propagation law of M(-1) that is also derived may be called partially coherent tensor ABCD law. The analytical formulas presented here are useful in treating the propagation and transformation of partially coherent anisotropic GSM beams, which include previous results for completely coherent Gaussian beams as special cases.     

用于摄像机定位的单目视觉方法研究

利用单目视觉算法确定摄像机相对于被测点的聚焦位置的方法 ,提出了一种新的能量谱 熵函数图像聚集锋利性测度评价函数以及新的单目视觉测量方法 ,即将单目视觉方法中的离焦法和聚焦法结合起来 ,进行聚焦位置的测量。并给出了用于摄像机定位的单目视觉离集法和聚焦法的计算模型。实验验证结果证明了算法的稳定性和可靠性