Antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of some new dipeptide-indole conjugates

In this study, 10 new indole-dipeptide conjugates were synthesized, and their anticancer activity was determined against on A2780 (ovarian cancer cell line) and MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line) cells. Among compounds, 5 and 10 showed better activity against A2780 cell lines than the standard drug docatexel at 0.1 and 1 μM concentrations, while only compound 5 showed better activity than docatexel, the MCF-7 cell line at 0.1 and 1 μM concentrations. The antioxidant potencies of the compounds were low in both the DPPH and iron reducing power methods tested when compared to standard antioxidants used in this work.     

Examination of phase changes in the CuAl high-temperature shape memory alloy with the addition of a third element

In the present study, a ternary CuAl-based alloy was produced by adding 2% chromium, niobium, titanium and hafnium instead of 2% copper from the Cu₈₈Al₁₂ (% in mass) shape memory alloy, and the phase changes in the alloy were examined. As a result of the X-ray analyses performed at room temperature, the α phase, which is rich in copper, was detected in the main sample, i.e., the Cu₈₈Al₁₂ alloy, and the β ₁ ¹ and γ ₁ ^? phases were detected in the four of the Cu₈₆Al₁₂Cr₂, Cu₈₆Al₁₂Nb₂, Cu₈₆Al₁₂Ti₂ and Cu₈₆Al₁₂Hf₂ alloys. All of phases were clearly seen in SEM images. As a result of the mapping performed during chemical analysis, it was observed clearly that there appeared a precipitation phase in the Cu₈₆Al₁₂Cr₂, Cu₈₆Al₁₂Nb₂, Cu₈₆Al₁₂Ti₂ alloys due to the additions. It was also observed that the additions were effective in forming a martensite phase in the Cu₈₈Al₁₂ alloy. In differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, which were taken to support these measurements, no martensitic phase transformations were detected in dual primary alloy (Cu₈₈Al₁₂); however, a clear martensite phase transformation was detected in ternary alloys (Cu₈₆Al₁₂Cr₂, Cu₈₆Al₁₂Nb₂, Cu₈₆Al₁₂Ti₂ and Cu₈₆Al₁₂Hf₂) in the first DSC measurement. Then, when the DSC cycle was applied to the ternary alloy, both the austenite transformation and martensite transformation temperatures were clearly seen, and it was claimed that all the alloys showed high-temperature shape memory alloy properties.     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Esomeprazole Magnesium in Commercial Tablets Using 5‐Sulfosalicylic Acid and N‐Bromosuccinimide

Two simple, sensitive and economical spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of esomeprazole magnesium in commercial dosage forms. Method A is based on the reaction of esomeprazole magnesium with 5‐sulfosalicylic acid in methanol to form a yellow product, which absorbs maximally at 365 nm. Method B utilizes the reaction of esomeprazole magnesium with N‐bromosuccinimide in acetone‐chloroform medium to form α‐bromo derivative of the drug peaking at 380 nm. Under the optimized experimental conditions, Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges of 2‐48 and 10‐100 μg mL^?1 with molar absorptivity of 2.11 × 10⁴ and 4.57 × 10⁴L mol^?1 cm^?1 for methods A and B, respectively. The limits of detection for methods A and B are 0.35 and 0.46 μg mL^?1, respectively. No interference was observed from excipients commonly present in tablet formulations. Methods A and B are successfully applied to the commercial tablets for the estimation of esomeprazole magnesium with good accuracy and precision. The results compare favorably with the reference spectrophotometric method indicating no significant difference between the methods compared.     

Calculation of Refractive Index Changes from Thermal Lens Fringes using Continuous Wavelet Algorithm

Thermal lens fringes are obtained on the nile-blue/ethanol solution by illuminating it with a He–Ne laser in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The refractive index change distribution of these fringes is calculated by using two different continuous wavelet transform (CWT) algorithms. It is concluded that the CWT-phase method works better than the CWT-gradient algorithm for the analysis of thermal lens fringes according to theoretical results.     

Synthesis,electrochemistry, and electrocatalytic activity of thiazole-substituted phthalocyanine complexes

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - We report the synthesis of non-peripheral metallophthalocyanines which carry four 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiazole-2-thio units. 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV–Vis,...     

Synthesis and characterization of cannabimimetic aminoalkylindole based 5‐(4‐alkyl‐1‐naphthoylamino)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐sulfonamides

A novel series of cannabimimetic aminoalkylindole‐based sulfonamide derivatives was synthesized. These new compounds were synthesized by reacting acyl chlorides of naphthoic acids with deacetylated acetazolamide in the presence of N‐ethyl‐morpholine to give structures incorporating 1‐naphthoyl groups of cannabimimetic aminoalkylindoles and a five‐membered heteroring typical of antiglaucoma sulfa drugs. The synthesized compounds were characterized using standard techniques. Photoluminescence of these derivatives was also studied, where more electron‐donating groups on the aromatic ring at the para‐position caused an increase in the intensity of the main peaks and shifts to higher emission wavelengths. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:707–714, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com . DOI 10.1002/hc.20738     

Effects of annealing and high radiation dose on the thermoluminescence characteristics of natural fluorite

In this study, the various dosimetric properties of the thermoluminescent (TL) phosphor of CaF₂:natural including response characteristics, sensitivity to thermal annealing and decay of stored energy were investigated in detail. The analysis of the peak temperature values and the half widths of the resolved components in the glow curves, by using the Computerized Glow Curve Deconvolution (CGCD) Method, resulted in the activation energy (E) of 0.85–1.83 eV and frequency factor (s) of 6.17E+9–2.90E+15 s^?1. The effects of pre-irradiation thermal annealing on the radiation-induced sensitization of the thermoluminescent response of CaF₂:natural were presented. An enhancement of sensitivity after being subjected to a high beta particle exposure was clarified. The effect was complicated by the influence of heat treatments before the exposure to radiation. Replicate runs on CaF₂:natural after irradiation with 1 Gy absorbed dose indicated good reproducibility of peak temperatures and intensities; they can be re-used for repeated measurements. It appeared that the main dosimetric peak at 280 °C exhibits negligible fading over 4 weeks and may be used for dosimetry. This study has demonstrated that the potential exists for the use of CaF₂:natural for TL radiation dosimetry.     

The Effect of Iron and Copper as an Essential Nutrient on Mitochondrial Electron Transport System and Lipid Peroxidation in Trichoderma harzianum

Iron and copper are essential nutrients for all living organisms as cofactors of many enzymes and play important roles in electron transport system (ETS) enzymes which have heme and iron–sulfur centers. In the present study, ETS enzymes, namely, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX), activities as well as adenine nucleotides and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels of eukaryotic model Trichoderma harzianum grown in varied concentrations of iron (0–20 mg/l) and copper (0–25 mg/l) mediums have been examined. SDH and COX activities increased up to 10 mg/l of iron. COX and SDH activities increased significantly up to 15 and 1 mg/l of copper, respectively. ATP and ADP levels showed a positive correlation with SDH activity with respect to iron–copper concentrations. The trends of AMP were similar with those of ATP and ADP for iron concentrations, while AMP levels elevated until 5 mg/l of copper. As an indicative marker of membrane damage, LPO levels increased with iron and copper concentration. In conclusion, iron and copper concentrations are of critical importance on activities of the ETS enzymes besides adenine nucleotides and LPO levels by maintenance of this metal homeostasis.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Achillea cretica L. (Asteraceae) from Turkey

Hydrodistilled volatile oil from the aerial parts of Achillea cretica L. (Asteraceae) was analysed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. Seventy-six components were identified, constituting 86.4% of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were caryophylladienol-II (13.4%), β-maaliene (6.1%), neo-intermedeol (6.0%), carvone (4.9%), spathulenol (4.5%), palmitic acid (3.3%) and selina-3,11-dien-6α-ol (3.2%). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth-dilution method on nine microbial strains and showed to be quite strong against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. The antibacterial properties of A. cretica justify its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of wounds, contaminated through bacterial infections.     

Electrochemical investigation of 1,3,5-triphenylformazan and its nitro derivatives in dimethyl sulfoxide.

Cyclic voltammetric (CV) and chronoamperometric (CA) behaviors of 1,3,5-triphenylformazan (TPF), 3-(p-nitrophenyl)-1,5-diphenylformazan (PNF) and 3-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,5-diphenylformazan (MNF) were studied in dimethyl sulfoxide medium. TPF was found to give a single sharp cathodic CV peak corresponding to a gain of one-electron per molecule. The diffusion coefficient and the number of electrons transferred were calculated using the Baranski equation with the CV-data obtained by an ultramicroelectrode. Standard rate constants for the reduction were calculated by the Klingler-Kochi technique. The electrochemical data obtained support the mechanism proposed by Umemoto.