Investigation of spatial self-phase modulation of silver nanoparticles in clay suspension

We have investigated the spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) phenomena in a clay suspension containing silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized in the space of lamellar structure of montmorillonite (MMT) by using chemical reducing agent. The UV-vis spectra of the obtained Ag-NPs showed that the intensity surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks increase with increasing in concentration of AgNO₃. The results from Ag-NPs UV-vis spectra were in good agreement with the structure studies performed by TEM. The SSPM phenomena manifestation of the non-linear optical property appeared only when MMT suspension filled with Ag-NPs as shown in the existence of far-field pattern. This property increased with the increase of Ag-NPs concentration and limited to small range.     

Q-Switched Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser with Pure Titanium-Film-Based Saturable Absorber

ABSTRACT

We demonstrate the generation of Q-switching pulse train in thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) cavity by employing titanium-based saturable absorber (Ti-SA). The Ti-SA was fabricated by depositing titanium particles molecules using electron beam evaporation on the surface of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film. Subsequently, stable Q-switched pulses were obtained within the 1,552 nm pump power range from 272.1 to 467 mW, with repetition rate tuned from 21.8 to 39.1 kHz. At the maximum pump power, the TDFL showed that the pulse duration of 2.22 μs and the maximum pulse energy of 124 nJ.     

Generalized thermoelasticity with temperature dependent modulus of elasticity under three theories

A new model of generalized thermoelasticity equations for isotropic media with temperature-dependent mechanical properties is established. The modulus of elasticity is taken as a linear function of reference temperature. The present model is described both generalizations, Lord-Shulman (L-S) theory with one relaxation time and Green-Lindsay (G-L) with two relaxation times, as well as the coupled theory, instantaneously. The method of the matrix exponential, which constitutes the basis of the state space approach of modern control theory, applied to two-dimensional equations. Laplace and Fourier integral transforms are used. The resulting formulation is applied to a problem of a thick plate subject to heating on parts of the upper and lower surfaces of the plate that varies exponentially with time. Numerical results are given and illustrated graphically for the problem considered. A comparison was made with the results obtained in case of temperature-independent modulus of elasticity in each theory.     

N-Acylbenzotriazole: convenient approach for protecting group-free monoacylation of symmetric diamines

Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly - An efficient green route for monoacylation of aromatic diamines, namely o-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine and aliphatic diamines...     

Structural and coordination studies of "pearl oysterlike" porphyrins

We report the coordination studies of porphyrins with pre-organized but yet flexible straps, each bearing over the center of the porphyrin either a 2,2-malonic acid diethyl ester residue or a 2,2-malonic acid residue. The straps are attached to the porphyrin via two adjacent meso positions, 5,10 and 15,20, respectively, and the 2,2-malonic acid diethyl ester groups are connected to the straps on benzylic carbon atoms. These two structural features allow a significant flexibility of the straps, as confirmed by the comparison of the X-ray structures of the zinc, nickel, and lead complexes of porphyrin 1. In the latter, the influence of the lone-electron pair of lead is clearly demonstrated. The coordination of bismuth is also reported.     

Optical model analysis of p+6He scattering over a wide range of energy

Optical-model analysis of proton elastic scattering from ⁶He has been carried out for eight sets of elastic scattering data at energies, 24.5, 25.0, 36.2, 38.3, 40.9, 41.6, 71.0 and 82.3 MeV/n respectively. The vector analyzing power and differential cross section for the elastic scattering of ⁶He nucleus from polarized protons at 71 MeV have been analyzed in the framework of the optical model potentials. The data are, first, analyzed in term of phenomenological potentials using the Woods-Saxon form for the real and imaginary parts supplemented by a spin-orbit potential of Thomas form. The analysis has been also performed using microscopic complex potentials.     

Separation of opiate alkaloids by electrokinetic chromatography with sulfated-cyclodextrin as a pseudo-stationary phase

The separation of six related opiate alkaloids (morphine, thebaine, 10-hydroxythebaine, codeine, oripavine and laudanine) was studied using sulfated-cyclodextrin (s-CD) as a cation-exchange pseudo-stationary phase. Cation-exchange interactions between the cationic analytes and the anionic s-CD (7-11 mol of sulfate groups per mole CD) were found to bethe predominant mechanism, allowing the separations to be performed at low pH where the opiates are protonated and exhibit very similar mobilities. The concentrations of the s-CD and the competing ion (Na+ or Mg2+) in the electrolyte were used to govern the extent of the ion-exchange interactions. Interactions with the sulfated-cyclodextrin differed for each analyte, with oripavine exhibiting the strongest interaction and 10-thebaine and laudanine showing the weakest interactions. Despite the very similar structures of the analytes, these differences resulted in significant changes in separation selectivity. The separation was modelled using a migration equation derived from first principles and based on ion-exchange interactions between the s-CD and the opiates. Constants within the model were obtained by non-linear regression using a small subset of experimentally determined migration times. These constants related to the ion-exchange affinities of the s-CD for the various opiates. When the model was used to predict migration times under other experimental conditions, a very good correlation was obtained between observed and predicted mobilities (r2=0.996). Optimisation of the system was performed using the normalised resolution product and minimum resolution criteria and this process provided two optimised separations, each exhibiting a different separation selectivity.