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21.
A poly acrylate-ethylene glycol (PA-EG) thin film is introduced for the first time as a novel polar sorbent for sorptive extraction method coupled directly to solid-state spectrofluorimetry without the necessity of a desorption step. The structure, polarity, fluorescence property and extraction performance of the developed thin film were investigated systematically. Carvedilol was used as the model analyte to evaluate the proposed method. The entire procedure involved one-step extraction of carvedilol from plasma using PA-EG thin film sorptive phase without protein precipitation. Extraction variables were studied in order to establish the best experimental conditions. Optimum extraction conditions were the followings: stirring speed of 1000 rpm, pH of 6.8, extraction temperature of 60 °C, and extraction time of 60 min. Under optimal conditions, extraction of carvedilol was carried out in spiked human plasma; and the linear range of calibration curve was 15–300 ng mL−1 with regression coefficient of 0.998. Limit of detection (LOD) for the method was 4.5 ng mL−1. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision of the proposed method were evaluated in plasma sample spiked with three concentration levels of carvedilol; yielding a recovery of 91–112% and relative standard deviation of less than 8%, respectively. The established procedure was successfully applied for quantification of carvedilol in plasma sample of a volunteer patient. The developed PA-EG thin film sorptive phase followed by solid-state spectrofluorimetric method provides a simple, rapid and sensitive approach for the analysis of carvedilol in human plasma. 相似文献
22.
Alizadeh Kaklar Zahra Ansari Mohammad Reza 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2019,135(3):1881-1890
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Two-phase flow was simulated within the effervescent atomizer by the volume of fluid interface tracing model. Different gas-to-liquid mass ratios... 相似文献
23.
Zarrin Es’haghi Zohreh Rezaeifar Gholam-Hossein Rounaghi Zahra Alian Nezhadi Mazyar Ahmadi Golsefidi 《Analytica chimica acta》2011,(1):8313
A novel solid-phase microextraction technique using a hollow fiber-supported sol–gel combined with multi-walled carbon nanotubes was employed in the determination of phenobarbital in wastewater. In this new technique, a silica-based, organic–inorganic polymer containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was prepared with sol–gel technology via the reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) with an acidic catalyst (HCl). This sol was injected into a polypropylene hollow fiber segment for in situ gelation. This device operated in direct immersion sampling mode. The experimental setup is simple and affordable, and the device is disposable, so there is no risk of cross-contamination or carry-over. Parameters affecting extraction such as pH of the aqueous solution, ageing and extraction times, aqueous sample volume, agitation speed and carbon nanotube amount were optimized. Linearity was observed over a range of 0.50–5000 ng mL−1, with an estimation coefficient (r2) higher than 0.982. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.32 ng mL−1 (n = 5), and repeatability (RSD% = 2.9) was from the average of three levels of analyte concentrations (1, 1000 and 4500 ng mL−1) with three replicates for each within a single day. Finally, a pre-concentration factor of 2100 was obtained for phenobarbital. 相似文献
24.
Theoretical investigation of the weak interactions of rare gas atoms with silver clusters by resonance Raman spectroscopy modeling 下载免费PDF全文
The interactions of rare gas atoms (Rg = Ar, Kr, and Xe) with small neutral and cationic silver clusters have been investigated by density functional methods and the effect of these weak interactions on the resonance Raman spectra of the complexes has been evaluated. The resonance Raman technique that depends on the properties of ground and excited state, seems deeply sensitive to the weak rare gas–metal cluster interactions, and the use of inert gases has been proven to be an excellent approach to recognize the ability of this technique to detect extremely weak interactions. In this work, for , and complexes the IR, normal and resonance Raman spectra have been calculated and the effect of rare gas–cluster stretching vibration ( ) on the pattern and the relative intensities of different spectra have been investigated. The resonance Raman spectra for the weakly interacted complexes (with the interaction energies less than ?2.0 kcal/mol) exhibit the vibration with the detectable intensity that its intensity increases by going from Ag6–Ar to Ag6–Xe complex. Moreover, the resonance Raman spectra (based on the excited state gradient approximation) for high intensity nearly degenerate excited states, proved the effect of accumulation of the excited state charge density on the relative intensity of vibration. 相似文献
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Sanati Hassan Karamshahi Zahra Ghorbani-Vaghei Ramin 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2019,45(2):709-726
Research on Chemical Intermediates - This work describes a new method for a one-pot multicomponent condensation of a variety of aldehydes with dimedone and malononitrile in water, providing a... 相似文献
28.
A. A. Karimi Zarchi N. Mokhtari M. Arfan T. Rehman M. Ali M. Amini R. Faridi Majidi A. R. Shahverdi 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2011,103(2):349-353
In this study a sunlight-induced method for rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using an ethanol extract of Andrachnea chordifolia is described. The silver nitrate solutions (1 mM) containing the ethanol extract of Andrachnea chordifolia were irradiated by both sunlight radiation and by sunlight radiation passed through different colored filters (red, yellow
or green). The smallest size of silver nanoparticles was obtained when a silver ion solution was irradiated for 5 minutes
by direct sunlight radiation. Further examination of the shape and size and of the surface chemistry of these biogenic silver
nanoparticles, which were prepared under sunlight radiation, was carried out using transmission electron microscopy and infrared
spectroscopy, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy images show spherical particles with an average size of 3.4 nm.
Hydroxyl residues were also detected on the surface of these biogenic silver nanoparticles fabricated using plant extract
of Andrachnea chordifolia under sunlight radiation. Our study on the reduction of silver ions by this plant extract in darkness shows that the synthesis
process can take place under dark conditions at much longer incubations (48 hours). Larger silver polydispersed nanoparticles
ranging in size from 3 to 30 nm were obtained when the silver ions were treated with the ethanol extract of Andrachnea chordifolia under dark conditions for 48 hours. 相似文献
29.
Zahra Tabookht Xavier López Coen de Graaf Nathalie Guihéry Nicolas Suaud Nadia Benamor 《Journal of computational chemistry》2012,33(21):1748-1761
The electrical conductivities and plausible charge‐ordering states in the room temperature (r.t.) phase for MMX chains [Ni2(dta)4I]∞ and [Pt2(dta)4I]∞ (dta = CH3CS) have been analyzed with periodic density functional theory (DFT) and correlated ab initio calculations combined with the effective Hamiltonian theory. Periodic DFT calculations show a more delocalized nature of the ground state in [Pt2(dta)4I]∞ compared to [Ni2(dta)4I]∞, which features a rather large energy gap between the occupied and empty bands, and charge polarized dimer units. A larger electrical conductivity for the Pt chain can be expected, especially because the Fermi level lies within a band with contributions from Pt and I orbitals. Electronic structure parameters extracted from ab initio cluster calculations show that the large difference between the observed conductivities at 300 K for Ni and Pt compounds, of 3 orders of magnitude, cannot be explained from the parameters extracted from an embedded M2(dta)4I2 dimer fragment alone. When tetramer fragments are considered, we observe that the interdimer transfer integral (t) between neighboring M2 units connected by an iodine atom at correlated level is comparable in both chains. On the other hand, the energy to transfer an electron from a dimer to the neighboring one (Coulomb repulsion U) is three times larger in the Ni compound with respect to the Pt chain, in line with the poor conductivity of the former. The electronic structure of the M4(dta)8I3 fragment points to an alternate charge‐polarization state for Ni and an average valence state for Pt when the r.t. X‐ray structure is considered. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
30.
A highly sensitive and fast responding sensor for the determination of thiosulfate, sulfite, sulfide and dithionite is described. It consists of a chemically modified carbon ceramic composite electrode (CCE) containing [Ru(bpy)(tpy)Cl]PF6 complex that was constructed by the sol-gel technique. A reversible redox couple of Ru(II)/Ru(III) was observed as a solute in acetonitrile solution and as a component of carbon based conducting composite electrode. Electrochemical behavior and stability of modified CCE were investigated by cyclic voltametry, the apparent electron transfer rate constant (kappa(S)) and transfer coefficient (a) were determined by cyclic voltametry which were about 28 s(-1) and 0.43 respectively. Electrocatalytic oxidation of S(2-), SO3(2-), S2O4(2-) and S2O3(2-) were effective at the modified electrode at significantly reduced overpotentials and in the pH range 1-11. Optimum pH values for amperometric detection of thiosulfate, dithionite, sulfide and sulfite are 7, 9, 2 and 2. Under the optimized conditions the calibration curves are linear in the concentration ranges 1-500, 3-80, 2-90 and 1-100 microM for S2O3(2-), SO3(2-), S2- and S2O4(2-) determination. The detection limit (signal to noise is 3) and sensitivity are 0.5 and 12, 2.8 and 6, 1.6 and 8, and 0.65 microM and 80 nA microM(-1) for thiosulfate, sulfite, sulfide and dithionite detection. The modified carbon ceramic electrode doped with Ru-complex shows good reproducibility, a short response time (t < 2 s), remarkable long term stability (> 6 month) and especially good surface renewability by simple mechanical polishing (RSD for eight successive polishing is 2%). The advantages of this sulfur compound amperometric detector based on ruthenium doped CCE are high sensitivity, inherent stability at a broader pH range, excellent catalytic activity, less expense and simplicity of preparation in comparison with recently published papers. This sensor can be used as a chromatographic detector for analysis of sulfur derivatives. 相似文献