电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定硅锆合金中的铝和钙

通过硝酸、氢氟酸和盐酸分解试样,高氯酸冒烟驱走硅和氟,最后用盐酸溶解盐类,选择Al(396.152nm)、Ca(315.887nm)作为分析谱线,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定硅锆合金中的铝和钙。研究了锆离子(0.3mg/mL)和铁离子(0.2mg/mL)共存体系中基体效应和光谱干扰对待测元素测定的影响。结果表明,该质量浓度的锆离子和铁离子对待测元素的测定结果不产生影响。铝和钙的质量浓度在10~50μg/mL,其线性相关系数均不小于0.999,方法中铝和钙的检出限分别为0.009μg/mL和0.006μg/mL。按照实验方法测定硅锆合金中的铝和钙,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)分别为0.85%和1.4%。方法适用,结果令人满意。     

微波聚合快速制备分子印迹毛细管电色谱整体柱

以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂、 对羟基苯甲酸为模板分子, 采用微波辐射聚合的方式快速制备了分子印迹毛细管电色谱整体柱, 并取得了较好的印迹效果. 分子印迹材料的原位制备5 min即可完成, 大大快于国内外传统的方法.     

人类A3腺苷受体拮抗剂1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-α]喹喔啉衍生物的QSAR研究

采用遗传算法构建了27种人类腺苷受体拮抗剂1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-α]喹喔啉衍生物与受体之间的亲和性的QSAR模型. 为得到理想模型, 计算了拓扑学、热力学、空间、电子拓扑状态和量子化学描述符. 结合这些参数得到最终模型: pK_i＝13.407－0.027*F_C－8^E－0.033*F_C－8^N＋0.845*Atype_C_28－19.493*Shadow_XYfrac.计算得到的统计学指标为: LOF＝0.291, r²＝0.766, r_adj²＝0.723, F-test＝17.974, PRESS＝3.469, CV-r²＝0.791. 通过对模型进行分析, 得到如下结论: 降低C-8位亲电、亲核原子的前线电子密度的权重和分子在XY平面的投影分数, 增加疏水性原子类型描述符Atpye_C_28的值, 都对增加化合物分子与受体的亲和性有利. 利用此模型合理的设计了两个新的化合物, 并预测具有较高的结合活性. 该研究为喹喔啉衍生物作为人类A₃腺苷受体拮抗剂的结构改造提供理论指导, 并为进一步研究受体与配体亲和性机理奠定理论基础.     

聚氨酯胶粘剂的热分解动力学研究

采用热分析技术考察了通用型聚氨酯胶粘剂在空气中的热解过程, 并通过TG方法和动力学方法研究了各步反应的活化能E、指前因子A等动力学参数. 通过等失重转化率法校验了两种方法所获得的E和A值. 结果表明, 聚氨酯胶粘剂有三个主要降解阶段, 第一降解阶段的活化能为144.31-148.35 kJ·mol^-1, 第二个降解阶段的活化能为196.96-204.26 kJ·mol^-1, 第三个降解阶段的活化能为202.97-205.27 kJ·mol^-1; 热降解过程为一级反应, 随着失重百分率的增大, 热分解反应活化能增大. 此外, 聚氨酯胶粘剂具有较高的热稳定性, 预测其在35 ℃的空气中失重5%时的热老化寿命为10年.     

Preparation of dextran immunological magnetic nanoparticles and their application to combined targeting carrier

Superparamagnetic dextran nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation. Effects of concentration of dextran, amount of ironic salts, stirring speed, concentration of ammonium hydroxide and mole ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+ on the effective diameter of dextran magnetic nanopartides (DMNP) were studied. Dextran immunological magnetic nanoparticles (DIMNP) were formed by the reaction of the monoclonal anti-human mammary cancer antibody with DMNP oxidized by sodium periodate, and the properties of magnetic susceptibility, shape and retention of antibody activity were investigated. The in vitro cancer antigen binding ability of DIMNP was demonstrated by radioimmunoassay, and the in vivo magnetic localization and antibody targeting ability of radiolabeled DIMNP were studied.     

锂离子电池硅-锰复合材料的电化学性能

The Si-Mn composites were synthesized by ball-milling mixtures of four different atomic ratios of Si/Mn. The phases of composites were analyzed with X-ray diffraction. Their charge-discharge performance as negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries were tested and the formation of SEI film was studied by differential capacity plots. The results show that materials prepared by ball-milling technology are composites consisting of Si and Mn. The insertion of lithium ions leads to the formation of amorphous Li-Si alloy. The initial reversible capacity and efficiency of Si-Mn composites are increased and the cycle life is enhanced obviously，especially after their heat treatment. The composite of Si∶Mn=4∶6 exhibits a reversible capacity of 546.0 mAh·g^-1 and a charge-discharge efficiency of 70%. The reversible capacity maintains at 374.2 mAh·g^-1 after 40 cycles.     

κ-卡拉胶热可逆凝胶的非遍历行为研究

采用散射斑纹(speckle)技术, 即散射光强涨落法, 研究了κ-卡拉胶(KC)热可逆凝胶的非遍历行为. 证明了非遍历性的存在, 并研究了浓度、温度等条件对该非遍历性的影响. 结果表明：该物理凝胶存在非遍历性, 并随KC浓度增加, 凝胶非遍历性增大；随温度升高, 凝胶非遍历性逐渐减小, 直至消失.     

羟丙基甲基纤维素的接枝共聚及其在复合材料中的应用研究

在水溶液中以KMnO4／草酸／硫酸(氧化-还原引发体系)引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯在羟丙基甲基纤维素上的乳液接枝共聚。研究了引发剂组成、反应温度、反应介质的H^ 浓度等对接枝率的影响。结果表明：反应温度和引发剂组成对接枝率有显著影响。接枝纤维素经IR和DTA表征。用接枝纤维素填充聚氯烯(PVC)所得PVC复合材料的拉伸强度提高了20％。     

Excited State Properties of Fucoxanthin Aggregates

The structure and excited state properties of the H- and J-aggregates of the marine carbonyl carotenoid, fucoxanthin(Fx), were studied by various spectroscopic methods, and compared with those of Fx monomers in polar organic solvents. The fluorescent analysis indicated tliat the higher vibronic states of S2 contribute more to populating the S1 state, from which fluorescent emission mainly originates. Resonance Raman and density functional theory calculations confirmed the ‘card-packed' and chead-to-taiF structures of the H- and J-aggregates of Fx, respectively. An fs time-resolved absorption study proved the coexistence of Si and intramolecular charge transfer relaxation pathways upon excitation to the S2 state for both tlie monomers and aggregates.     

乙醇对制备硫酸亚铁铵晶体纯度的影响

制备晶体的过程中,为了除去晶体表面的水分常采用乙醇淋洗晶体。根据相似相溶原理,氧气在乙醇中的溶解度远高于在水中的,乙醇淋洗将会加速硫酸亚铁铵氧化。理论分析和实验论证表明,不可以用未除氧处理的乙醇淋洗易氧化晶体,如硫酸亚铁铵。