微交联聚合物降滤失剂的合成与性能

针对深井、超深井钻井液体系中的降滤失剂受长时间高温、高矿化度作用易降解的问题，以氮丙啶与3-氯丙烯反应制得-N-烯丙基氮丙啶（ALAI）； ALAI与乙二胺反应制得四烯基交联剂单体（EAAD）； EAAD与丙烯酰胺（AM）和2 丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）发生水溶液自由基共聚反应，合成了微交联共聚物降滤失剂(PAAT)，其结构和性能经¹H NMR, IR和TG-DTG表征。结果表明：PAAT可抗220 ℃高温，在高温、高矿化度条件下可维持钻井液的滤失量与流变性能，API滤失量均低于4.0 mL，高温高压滤失量均小于13.0 mL。     

小角X射线散射表征AOT/水层状溶致液晶的有序性

用小角X射线散射研究了AOT/水层状溶致液晶的有序性. 通过对散射曲线的解析, 讨论了表面活性剂浓度、温度和助表面活性剂等三个方面对溶致液晶层状相结构有序性的影响. 在一定的范围内, 提高温度, 改变表面活性剂浓度和加入少量助表面活性剂可使碳氢链排列由稀疏转变为密实, 层状相也相应地由“柔性双层”过渡到更加有序化的“平面双层”. 基于形状因子和体系内分子间作用力, 提出了层状相形成与有序化的机理, 同时采用分子模拟的方法展现了不同浓度下的液晶结构.     

用含偶氮基的聚苯乙烯大分子引发剂合成两亲性嵌段共聚物

采用含偶氮基的聚苯乙烯预聚物（ＰＳ ＡＣＰＣ）作为引发剂，合成了苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）分别与甲基丙烯酸（ＭＡＡ）、甲基丙烯酸（β 羟丙酯）（ＨＰＭＡ）的嵌段共聚物，考察了ＰＳ ＡＣＰＣ引发第二单体的聚合反应行为，以及影响第二单体转化率和均聚物含量、共聚物组成的因素．用溶解性、凝胶渗透色谱（ＧＰＣ）、红外光谱（ＩＲ）、核磁共振（ＮＭＲ）、动态接触角（ＤＣＡ）等表征了嵌段共聚物．     

顺磁性聚酯金属配合物的合成及其驰豫性能的研究

本文通过二乙三胺五乙酸（ＤＴＰＡ）或乙二胺四乙酸（ＥＤＴＡ）的双酸酐与二元醇或二元酚进行聚合反应，制备了两个系列共１５种新的聚酯型大分子配体及其顺磁性金属配合物，用核磁、红外光谱以及元素分析表征了配体和配合物的结构。初步试验结果表明，与相应的小分子金属配合物相比，聚酯金属配合物具有较高的弛豫性能。     

5''''-鸟苷酸与茜素红S的反应及其在分析化学中的作用

采用UV-Vis光谱法研究了茜素红S(ARS)与5'-鸟苷酸(5'-GMP)在pH 4.80的弱酸性缓冲溶液中生成络合物的结合反应.与试剂比较,络合物的最大吸收峰红移92 nm,测得络合物和表观摩尔吸光系数为ε＝1.3×104 L·mol-1·cm-1;最大结合数n=10;浓度线性范围0.2～16 mg/L;检出限为6.1×10-8 mol/L.研究了ARS与5'-GMP是分子间作用力的结合反应,并对时间、温度、离子强度对结合反应的影响,以及无机物、生物物质对反应体系的干扰情况进行了初步研究.     

Enhanced indoor radon concentration by using radon-rich well water in a Japanese wooden house in Fukuoka, Japan

Summary Radon measurements were carried out in a Japanese wooden house built on granitic geology, where radon-rich well water is used. Atmospheric radon concentrations were measured over one year with passive integrated radon monitors. The monitors were distributed at several locations in the house and were replaced every two months. In order to confirm the diurnal variation and heterogeneous distribution of radon, short-term measurements were carried out accordingly. Radon, its decay products and terrestrial gamma-radiations were measured in this survey. From the long-term measurement, the radon concentration in the house ranged from 14 to 184 Bq^. m^-3with an arithmetic mean of 45 Bq^. m^-3. A radon concentration of 184 Bq^. m^-3was observed in the bathroom in spring (March-May) though the radon level was normal in the living room and bedroom. In order to characterize the house, similar measurements were conducted in several surrounding houses. There was a significant difference in radon concentration between the investigated houses. There was a spatial distribution of the radon concentration and the highest value was found in the bathroom. Radon and its decay products concentrations varied with time, which increased from midnight to morning whereas they decreased during daytime. Although the radon concentration in tap water was 1 Bq^. l^-1, a high level of 353 Bq^. l^-1was found in the well water.While well water was being used, the indoor radon concentration near the bathroom increased rapidly with a maximum value of 964 Bq^. m^-3. It is clear that the use of well water enhanced the radon level around the bathroom.     

水中2-氨基-3-氰基-4-芳基-7，7-二甲基-5-氧代4H-5，6，7，8-四氢苯并[b]吡喃的洁净合成

在水溶剂中在三乙基苄基氯化铵（TEBA）存在下，取代肉桂腈与5，5-二甲基- 1，3-环已酮反应为2-氨基-3-氰基-4-芳基-7，7-二甲基-5-氧代-4H，5，6，7，8- 四氢苯并[b]吡喃提供了一种快速、方便、高效和洁净的合成方法。     

表面活性剂对纤维素接枝共聚物溶液粘度性质的影响

研究了阴离子十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、阳离子十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和非离子聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(OP)等三种不同类型的表面活性剂对疏水化水溶性两性纤维素接枝共聚物(CGAO)溶液粘度性质的影响.结果表明,在SDS和OP的临界胶束浓度(cmc)附近，CGAO溶液粘度最大，SDS引起CGAO粘度的变化大于OP；即使在CTAB的cmc附近，随着CTAB浓度的增加，CGAO的粘度一直呈下降趋势；非疏水改性的纤维素接枝共聚物的溶液粘度随SDS或CTAB浓度的增加而下降，但几乎不随OP浓度的增大而变化.此外，通过凝胶渗透色谱法测得的保留时间证实了SDS、CTAB和OP与CGAO之间的疏水缔合作用.     

水介质中α,α-双(4-羟基香豆素-3-基)甲苯的洁净合成

在水介质中三乙基苄基氯化铵(TEBA)存在下, 芳醛与4-羟基香豆素反应为α,α-双(4-羟基香豆素-3-基)甲苯提供了一种快速、方便、高效和洁净的合成方法.     

Methotrexate-loaded biodegradable polymeric micelles: preparation, physicochemical properties and in vitro drug release

Polymeric micelles based on amphiphilic diblock copolymers methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-polylactide with various hydrophobic lengths were designed as carriers of poorly water-soluble anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX). Relationship between physicochemical characteristics of micelles and release behavior was explored. The critical micelle concentration was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy using 9-chloromethyl anthracene as fluorescence probe. Core-shell type polymeric micelles were prepared by free-surfactant dialysis technique. The mean size of micelles loaded with MTX was 50-200 nm with narrow polydispersity. Physicochemical properties of drug-loaded micelles were evaluated. In vitro release behavior of MTX was also investigated. MTX was continuously released from micelles and less than 50% MTX was released in 5 days. Release rate was dependent on chemical structures of micelles and enhanced by decreasing polylactide lengths.