Enzymes immobilized on montmorillonite: comparison of performance in batch and packed-bed reactors

Summary The enzymes a-amylase, invertase and glucoamylase were immobilized on acid activated montmorillonite using two techniques, viz. adsorption and covalent binding, and their activities were tested in a batch and packed-bed reactor and were compared. The packed-bed reactor showed an improved performance for all immobilized enzymes, which was attributed to lowering of diffusional restrictions to mass transfer. Lower activity in case of batch reactor for immobilized invertase was due to a combined effect of loss of native conformation of enzyme on account of immobilization and mass transfer resistances due to improper diffusion of substrate to the active site of enzyme. For immobilized glucoamylase, the packed-bed reactor demonstrated exceptionally high activity that was very close to the free enzyme. Covalently bound glucoamylase showed higher activity than the free enzyme.     

百万大气压下的压强校准及5.5 Mbar静压强的获得

进行了百万大气压下,静水压和非静水压条件下的压力校准,同时观察到金刚石砧容器中红宝石R线红移至830nm处,由校准公式算得对应的压强为5.5Mbar。 关键词：     

A Novel Analytical Approach for Multi-Layer Diaphragm-Based Optical Microelectromechanical-System Pressure Sensors

An optical microelectromechanical-system （MEMS） pressure sensor based on multi-layer circular diaphragm is described and analysed by using the proposed novel analytical approach and the traditional transfer matrix method. The analytical expressions of the deflection of multi-layer diaphragm and absolute optical reflectance are derived respectively. The influence of residual stress on the deflection of diaphragm is also analysed. Simulation results given by the finite element method are consistent with the ones which are analysed by using the analytical approach. The analytical approach will be helpful to design and fabricate the optical MEMS pressure sensors with multi-layer diaphragm based on Fabry-Perot interferometry.     

Bistable Behaviour of N Two-Level Atoms Interacting with the Field inside a High-Q Cavity Containing a Nonlinear Kerr-Like Medium

Taking the intensity-dependent coupling between atoms and cavity mode into account, we investigate a system consisting of N homogeneously broadened two-level atoms interacting with the field inside a single-mode Fabry- Perot cavity containing a nonlinear Kerr-like medium. We derive the steady-state bistable behaviour of the system, and further analyse in details the influence of several critical parameters on the bistable behaviour.     

拖曳线列阵用光纤水听器的研究

报道了光纤水听器用于拖曳线列阵的研究结果。在保证光纤水听器声相位灵敏度的前提下, 优化设计了光纤水听器的结构,降低了光纤水听器的加速度灵敏度36dB。实验测得在20-1600Hz 频段,该光纤水听器的相位灵敏度为-162．7dB,频段内灵敏度的起伏为±0．7dB,加速度灵敏度小于-30dB。     

Determination of residual solvents in a transdermal system by means of headspace gas chromatography

Summary Pharmaceutical products have to be tested for impurities including residual solvents. This is also required in production control. The simplest solution to this problem is headspace gas chromatography. This paper describes the determination of residual volatile hydrocarbons in the transdermal system DEPONIT by only one headspace measurement. Accuracy is ensured by the multiple headspace extraction technique.

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Bestimmung von Restlösungsmittelgehalten in einem transdermalen System durch Headspace-Gas-Chromatographie

Zusammenfassung Pharmazeutische Produkte müssen auf Verunreinigungen geprüft werden, auch auf Restlösungsmittelgehalte. Ein zusätzlicher Grund ist die fortlaufende Kontrolle der Herstellung. Die einfachste Möglichkeit für dieses Problem ist die Bestimmung durch Headspace-Gas-Chromatographie. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Bestimmung von noch vorhandenen flüchtigen Kohlenwasserstoffen in dem transdermalen System DEPONIT durch nur eine Headspace-Messung. Die Richtigkeit ist durch die Anwendung der Mehrfach-Gasextraktionstechnik sichergestellt.

     

Skew Models II

If g and G are the pdf and the cdf of a distribution symmetric around 0 then the pdf 2g(u)G(λ u) is said to define a skew distribution. In this paper, we provide a mathematical treatment of the skew distributions when g and G are taken to come from one of Pearson type II, Pearson type VII or the generalized t distribution.      

凸域内弦的平均长度

本文研究了凸域内弦的平均长度.通过广义支持函数与凸域的弦幂积分,建立了凸域内弦的平均长度的一般公式,并用此公式得出了圆域和矩形域内弦的平均长度.     

A MINI MULTI-GAS DETECTION SYSTEM BASED ON INFRARED PRINCIPLE

To counter the problems of gas accidents in coal mines, family safety resulted from using gas, a new infrared detection system with integration and miniaturization has been developed. The infrared detection optics principle used in developing this system is mainly analyzed. The idea that multi gas detection is introduced and guided through analyzing single gas detection is got across. Through researching the design of cell structure, the cell with integration and miniaturization has been devised. The way of data transmission on Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is explained. By taking Single-Chip Microcomputer (SCM) as intelligence handling, the functional block diagram of gas detection system is designed with its hardware and software system analyzed and devised. This system designed has reached the technology requirement of lower power consumption, mini-volume, big measure range, and able to realize multi-gas detection.     

Note on the Constraint on Modified Energy-Momentum Relation

Quantum gravity can modify the usual energy-momentum dispersion relation. We provide evidence for the argument that the modified dispersion relation is constrained by the black hole thermodynamics, for consistency of quantum gravity.