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51.
Defect turbulence described by the one-dimensional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation is investigated and analyzed via a birth–death process of the local structures composed of defects, holes, and modulated amplitude waves (MAWs). All the number statistics of each local structure, in its stationary state, are subjected to Poisson statistics. In addition, the probability density functions of interarrival times of defects, lifetimes of holes, and MAWs show the existence of long-memory and some characteristic time scales caused by zigzag motions of oscillating traveling holes. The corresponding stochastic process for these observations is fully described by a non-Markovian master equation. 相似文献
52.
T Abe K Horiuchi H Kikuchi T Aritsuka Y Takata E Fukushi Y Fukushi J Kawabata K Ueno S Onodera N Shiomi 《Chemistry Central journal》2012,6(1):89
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Sugar beet molasses is a viscous by-product of the processing of sugar beets into sugar. The molasses is known to contain sucrose and raffinose, a typical trisaccharide, with a well-established structure. Although sugar beet molasses contains various other oligosaccharides as well, the structures of those oligosaccharides have not been examined in detail. The purpose of this study was isolation and structural confirmation of these other oligosaccharides found in sugar beet molasses. RESULTS: Four oligosaccharides were newly isolated from sugar beet molasses using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and carbon-Celite column chromatography. Structural confirmation of the saccharides was provided by methylation analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionaization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. CONCLUSION: The following oligosaccharides were identified in sugar beet molasses: beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1- > 6)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 <-> 1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (named beta-planteose), alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1- > 1)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 <-> 1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (named1-planteose), alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1- > 6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 <-> 2)-beta-D-fructofuranoside (theanderose), and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1- > 3)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 <-> 2)-beta-D-fructofuranoside (laminaribiofructose). 1-planteose and laminaribiofructose were isolated from natural sources for the first time. 相似文献
53.
54.
Isao Takahashi Fumika Morita Shunsuke Kusagaya Haruhiko Fukaya Osamu Kitagawa 《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2012,23(24):1657-1662
In the presence of an (R)-MOP-Pd2(dba)3 catalyst, the reaction of ortho-tert-butylaniline with 2-bromophenyl arylethynyl ketone proceeded via a tandem amination (1,4-addition of aniline to an ynone and subsequent intramolecular Buchwald–Hartwig amination) to afford axially chiral N-(2-tert-butylphenyl)-2-aryl-4-quinolinone derivatives with moderate enantioselectivity (up to 72% ee). 相似文献
55.
Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a nonproton motive quinol–oxygen oxidoreductase which is a component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in higher plants. In this study, we have characterized the catalytic activity and regulatory behaviors of Arum concinnatum AOX isoforms, namely AcoAOX1a and AcoAOX1b, and their artificial mutants in HeLa cells. We demonstrated that substitution of the motif-like sequence ENV on the C-terminal half of AcoAOX1a for QDT diminishes its activity and proposed that the innate inactivity of AcoAOX1b in HeLa cells is, at least in part, attributable to its QDT motif. Furthermore, we show that introduction of F130L in the hydrophilic N-terminal extension of AcoAOX1a resulted in greater activity in the presence of pyruvate. This result indicates that functional significance of the N-terminal extension is not particular to the conventional regulatory cysteine. On the basis of these findings, we discuss new insights into the structural integrity of AOX in HeLa cells and the applicability of mammalian cells for functional analysis of this enzyme. 相似文献
56.
Shoichi Kutsumizu Koushi Morita Tatsuya Ichikawa Shinichi Yano Shuichi Nojima Takanari Yamaguchi 《Liquid crystals》2013,40(11):1447-1458
The structure of the thermotropic cubic phases of 4′- n -alkoxy-3′-nitrobiphenyl-4-carboxylic acids (ANBC- n , where n indicates the number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group) was studied by X-ray diffraction. For the homologues with n = 15, 16, 17, and 18, the cubic phase was of an Ia 3 d type, whereas the homologues with n = 19, 20, and 21 exhibited an Im 3 m cubic structure; for these seven homologues the same type of cubic structure was observed both on heating and cooling. Further lengthening of the alkoxy chain to n = 22 and 26, however, gave two types of cubic structure in the cubic phase region on heating, one with Im 3 m symmetry in the low temperature region and the other with Ia 3 d symmetry in the high temperature region. On cooling, the two homologues exhibited the Ia 3 d cubic structure only. This is the first example in the cubic phase region of a series of homologues containing two types of structure, dependent on temperature and n . Such a complicated phase diagram in the cubic region is clearly understood qualitatively in terms of Gibbs free energy-temperature diagrams. The dependence of structural parameters such as the cubic lattice constant on the alkoxy chain length n are also presented and discussed. 相似文献
57.
58.
Jun Araki Kousaku Ohkawa Yusuke Uchida Yoshihiko Murakami 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(3):488-494
A sliding graft copolymer (SGC) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains was prepared by ester formation between terminal carboxyl groups of oxidized PEG methyl ether with molecular weight of 2000 (mPEG2000‐COOH) and hydroxyl groups of a polyrotaxane consisting of PEG and cyclodextrins (CDs). Formation of the SGC structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transformed infrared, and gel permeation chromatography. The SGC was soluble in good solvents of PEG and insoluble in poor solvents of PEG. Estimation of the number of grafted mPEG chains suggested a “rope‐curtain” like structure, in which an mPEG chain is connected to each CD ring. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011 相似文献
59.
A larger quantity of a β-keto ester that is 1.5–1.7 equiv more than the base (t-BuOK, NaH) was found to be essential in securing sufficient yields of the products in the palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution of the monoacetate of 4-cyclopentene-1,3-diol with β-keto esters. This requirement also works well for substitutions with the TBS ether of the monoacetate and the monoacetate of 2-cyclohexene-1,4-diol. As an application, the coronafacic acid ethyl ester was synthesized as an optically active form. 相似文献
60.
Xiongchao Lin Keiko Ideta Jin Miyawaki Yusuke Nishiyama Isao Mochida Seong‐Ho Yoon 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2012,50(4):289-294
A general strategy of structural analysis of alumina silicate by combining various solid‐state NMR measurements such as single pulse, multi‐quantum magic angle spinning, double‐quantum homo‐nuclear correlation under magic angle spinning (DQ‐MAS), and cross‐polarization hetero‐nuclear correlation (CP‐HETCOR) was evaluated with the aid of high magnetic field NMR (800 MHz for 1H Larmor frequency) by using anorthite as a model material. The high magnetic field greatly enhanced resolution of 27Al in single pulse, DQ‐MAS, and even in triple‐quantum magic angle spinning NMR spectra. The spatial proximities through dipolar couplings were probed by the DQ‐MAS methods for homo‐nuclear correlations between both 27Al–27Al and 29Si–29Si and by CP‐HETCOR for hetero‐nuclear correlations between 27Al–29Si in the anorthite framework. By combining various NMR methodologies, we elucidated detailed spatial correlations among various aluminum and silicon species in anorthite that was hard to be determined using conventional analytical methods at low magnetic field. Moreover, the presented approach is applicable to analyze other alumina‐silicate minerals. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献