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991.
Recently, a 4-node quadrilateral membrane element AGQ6-I, has been successfully developed for analysis of linear plane problems. Since this model is formulated by the quadrilateral area coordinate method (QACM), a new natural coordinate system for developing quadrilateral finite element models, it is much less sensitive to mesh distortion than other 4-node isoparametric elements and free of various locking problems that arise from irregular mesh geometries. In order to extend these advantages of QACM to nonlinear applications, the total Lagrangian (TL) formulations of element AGQ6-I was established in this paper, which is also the first time that a plane QACM element being applied in the implicit geometrically nonlinear analysis. Numerical examples of geometrically nonlinear analysis show that the presented formulations can prevent loss of accuracy in severely distorted meshes, and therefore, are superior to those of other 4-node isoparametric elements. The efficiency of QACM for developing simple, effective and reliable serendipity plane membrane elements in geometrically nonlinear analysis is demonstrated clearly. 相似文献
992.
A method for characterizing and identifying firing patterns of neural spike trains is presented. Based on the time evolution of a neural spike train, the counting process is constructed as a time-dependent stair-like function. Three characteristic variables defined at sequential moments, including two formal derivatives and the integration of the counting process, are introduced to reflect the temporal patterns of a spike train. The reconstruction of a spike train with these variables verify the validity of this method. And a model of cold receptor is used as an example to investigate the temporal patterns under different temperature conditions. The most important contribution of our method is that it not only can reflect the features of spike train patterns clearly by using their geometrical properties, but also it can reflect the trait of time, especially the change of bursting of spike train. So it is a useful complementarity to conventional method of averaging. 相似文献
993.
A series of CoII, NiII, and CuII complexes with trans-1-(2-pyridyl)-2-(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) and various polycarboxyl co-ligands have been prepared under general condition and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, and TG-DTA techniques. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that these complexes display multifarious binuclear, 1-D, and 2-D coordination motifs in virtue of the bridging polycarboxyl building blocks, in which the bpe ligand uniformly adopts the unidentate coordination by using its 4-pyridyl group. Remarkably, higher-dimensional extended networks are further formed with the aid of additional secondary interactions based on bpe (such as H-bonding and π–π stacking). These results demonstrate that bpe is a reliable bifunctional tecton to construct diverse supramolecular architectures via synergistic effect of multiple intermolecular interactions. 相似文献
994.
995.
Bin Yan Jie He Xin Du Ailin Qin Qin Zhang Yinghan Wang 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2009,47(15):1530-1534
Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films were prepared by a devised method, in which photo‐polymerization induced phase separation in a mixtures of a macro‐iniferter, methyl acrylater, and liquid crystal. The morphology of the obtained PDLC films was examined on a polarized optical microscopy, and the effect of molecular weight of MIs on the electro‐optical properties was deliberately investigated. Decreasing the molecular weight of MIs in the films led to formation of larger liquid crystal droplets and a lower Vth values. Vsat increased and the memory effect decreased because of the increased interface anchoring strength induced by the higher molecular weight of polymer matrices. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1530–1534, 2009 相似文献
996.
Haichang Zhang Erqian Guo Yujie Fang Peihua Ren Wenjun Yang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2009,47(20):5488-5497
The solution processable alternating benzofuran/terfluorene copolymer bearing side oxadiazole groups ( PBF‐OXD ) was synthesized and its optoelectronic properties and color stability were investigated. Electron‐deficient and stereohindered oxadiazole units were used as pendent groups to compensate for the poor electron‐transporting ability of a p‐type polymer backbone, to depress the intermolecular π‐stacking, and to improve solubility while retaining polymer blue emission. PBF‐OXD showed a glass transition at 135 °C and an onset decomposition temperature of ~345 °C. A simple EL device, with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ PBF‐OXD /Ba/Al, displayed a stable blue emission (λmax = 434 nm), good color purity (full width half‐maximum = 59 nm), maximum brightness of 1400 cd/m2, and a maximum luminance efficiency of 0.95 cd/A. The PL and EL spectra changed slightly on annealing and on increasing the applied voltage. These results show that the as‐synthesized copolymer PBF‐OXD had integrated respective functions of its different building blocks and exhibited good thermal and color stability with improved EL performance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5488–5497, 2009 相似文献
997.
A novel method for immobilizing porphyrins as well as metalloporphyrins (MPs) on polymeric supports was found, and it is the way to synchronously synthesize and immobilize porphyrins on polymeric microspheres. By using 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (HBA)‐bound crosslinked polystyrene (CPS) microspheres, pyrrole, and benzaldehyde in a solution as co‐reactants and through the Adler's reaction between solid–liquid phases, it was successfully realized to simultaneously synthesize and immobilize phenyl porphyrin (PP) on CPS microspheres, resulting in PP‐supported microspheres PP–CPS. With the same method, substituted PPs, 4‐chlorophenyl porphyrin (CPP) and 4‐nitrophenyl porphyrin (NPP), were also successfully immobilized on CPS microspheres by using substituted benzaldehydes, 4‐chlorobenzaldehyde and 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde, as one reactant in the solution, respectively, and other two porphyrin‐supported microspheres, CPP–CPS and NPP–CPS, were obtained. The effects of various factors on the process of synchronously synthesizing and immobilizing porphyrins on CPS microspheres were mainly studied. Further, the coordination reaction of cobalt salt with PP–CPS as well as CPP–CPS and NPP–CPS was conducted, forming three solid catalysts, CoPP–CPS, CoCPP–CPS, and CoNPP–CPS. The catalytic properties of these catalysts in the catalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone by dioxygen were preliminarily examined. The experimental results indicate that the Adler's reaction between solid–liquid phases, namely the reaction between HBA‐bound CPS microspheres and pyrrole as well as free benzaldehyde or analogs in the solution can favorably be carried out. For this process, the fitting protonic acid catalyst is p‐nitrobenzoic acid and appropriate solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). By comparison, the process of preparing CPP–CPS microspheres is easier to be carried out. The obtained three solid catalysts can effectively catalyze the oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone by dioxygen. In comparison, the catalytic activity of CoNPP–CPS is the highest. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
998.
Qiang Wu Miao Du Yong-gang Shangguan Jian-ping Zhou Qiang Zheng 《Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects》2009,332(1):13-18
The rheological behavior of unentangled and entangled semidilute solution of anionic polyelectrolyte sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) containing cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C16TAB) was investigated. The results reveal that the rheological properties of these semidilute NaCMC solutions depend on the amount of C16TAB added. In the unentangled semidilute NaCMC solution (0.5 g/L), the viscosity decreases with the increase of C16TAB amount in the low surfactant concentration region (below the critical aggregation concentration, CAC). However, in high surfactant concentrations (above CAC), the viscosity decreases sharply with the increase in C16TAB amount. It is found that viscosity change of NaCMC solution could be described using Colby’s model when surfactant concentrations are between CAC and saturated concentration (Cs), suggesting that no inter-polymer interaction exists between C16TAB and NaCMC in the unentangled semidilute solution. However, for the entangled semidilute NaCMC solution (5 g/L), the addition of C16TAB leads to an increase in viscosity. Meanwhile, the solution exhibits an enhanced shear thinning behavior due to adding more C16TAB than 1 mM. The viscosity increase is ascribed to the physical cross linking of surfactant micelles with NaCMC chains. Furthermore, it is suggested that the enhanced shear thinning behavior results from weak interaction between NaCMC chains and C16TAB micelles. 相似文献
999.
In this paper, we first establish some existence theorems of systems of generalized vector equilibrium problems. From these
results, we obtain new variants of Ekeland’s variational principle in a Hausdorff t.v.s., a minimax theorem and minimization
theorems. Some applications to the existence theorem of systems of semi-infinite problem, a variant of flower petal theorem
and a generalization of Schauder’s fixed point theorem are also given. 相似文献
1000.