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841.
New bioanalytical methods have been developed for the determination of imidafenacin (KRP-197/ONO-8025, IM), a novel antimuscarinic drug developed for the treatment of overactive bladder, and its metabolites, M-2, M-3, M-4, M-6 and M-8 (method 1), M-5 and M-9 (method 2) in human urine by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In each method, the urine sample was extracted by solid-phase extraction, separated on a semi-micro high-performance liquid chromatography column using gradient elution and detected by tandem mass spectrometer with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization or ionspray interface. Extraction recoveries of IM and metabolites were 81.4% or more. Calibration curves had good linearity in the concentration ranges 0.2-50 ng/mL for IM, M-2, M-3, M-4, M-6 and M-8 (method 1) and 1-250 ng/mL for M-5 and M-9 (method 2), respectively. The accuracy and precision in the intra-day and inter-day reproducibility tests were within +/-17.0 and 16.1% at the lowest concentrations, and within +/-12.8 and 11.1% at higher concentrations, respectively. Using these analytical methods, excretion profiles of IM and its metabolites in human urine were successfully determined after oral administration of IM at the therapeutic dosage of 0.1 mg. 相似文献
842.
Jason D. Masuda Dr. David Martin Dr. Celine Lyon‐Saunier Dr. Antoine Baceiredo Dr. Heinz Gornitzka Dr. Bruno Donnadieu Guy Bertrand Prof. 《化学:亚洲杂志》2007,2(1):178-187
The conjugate acids (PHCH+s) of P‐heterocyclic carbenes (PHCs) are prepared by formal [3+2] cycloaddition of a 1,3‐diphosphaallyl or 1,3‐phosphinophosphenium cation with various nitriles. The effect of the phosphorus substituent on the fate of the cyclization and on that of the counteranion and base in the subsequent deprotonation reaction are reported. Two PHCs that are indefinitely stable in the solid state are described. In solution, one of them, made from acetonitrile, undergoes a facile [3+2] cycloreversion, whereas the other, based on dimethyl cyanamide, is stable, presumably owing to its zwitterionic structure, which involves a tricoordinate pentavalent phosphorus atom. The reactivity of PHCs is strongly driven by the high electrophilicity of the phosphorus centers, as demonstrated by their reactivity with water and benzaldehyde. Although both PHCs reported in this paper are direct analogues of the least‐basic NHCs, their basicity is comparable to those of the more strongly basic NHCs (as determined by comparison of the carbonyl stretching frequencies of their corresponding cis‐[RhCl‐(CO)2(L)] complexes). 相似文献
843.
Egawa T Hanaoka K Koide Y Ujita S Takahashi N Ikegaya Y Matsuki N Terai T Ueno T Komatsu T Nagano T 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(36):14157-14159
To improve optical imaging of Ca(2+) and to make available a distinct color window for multicolor imaging, we designed and synthesized CaSiR-1, a far-red to near-infrared fluorescence probe for Ca(2+), using Si-rhodamine (SiR) as the fluorophore and the well-known Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA. This wavelength region is advantageous, affording higher tissue penetration, lower background autofluorescence, and lower phototoxicity in comparison with the UV to visible range. CaSiR-1 has a high fluorescence off/on ratio of over 1000. We demonstrate its usefulness for multicolor fluorescence imaging of action potentials (visualized as increases in intracellular Ca(2+)) in brain slices loaded with sulforhodamine 101 (red color; specific for astrocytes) that were prepared from transgenic mice in which some neurons expressed green fluorescent protein. 相似文献
844.
Yoshinori Takashima Taiga Sahara Tomoko Sekine Takahiro Kakuta Masaki Nakahata Miyuki Otsubo Yuichiro Kobayashi Akira Harada 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2014,35(19):1646-1652
Supramolecular materials based on host–guest interactions should exhibit high selectivity and external stimuli‐responsiveness. Among various stimuli, redox and photo stimuli are useful for its wide application. An external stimuli‐responsive adhesive system between CD host‐gels (CD gels) and guest molecules modified glass substrates (guest Sub) is focused. Here, the selective adhesion between host gels and guest substrates where adhesion depends on molecular complementarity is reported. Initially, it is thought that adhesion of a gel material onto a hard material might be difficult unless many guest molecules modified linear polymers immobilize on the surface of hard materials. However, reversible adhesion of the CD gels is observed by dissociating and re‐forming inclusion complex in response to redox and photo stimuli.
845.
Yuichiro Haramoto Yuko Kawada Atushi Mochizuki Masato Nanasawa Seiji Ujiie Masahiro Funahashi 《Liquid crystals》2013,40(7):909-912
We report a new possibility for liquid crystalline organic semiconductors. These materials exhibit smectic liquid crystalline phases, in which the molecules assume a smectic molecular order by self‐assembly. Because of the strong dispersion force among long alkyl chains, on cooling, smectic molecular order was retained at room temperature. A charge transport ability was also retained. The conductivity of a device having smectic liquid crystalline order is about 5×107 that of a device with no smectic order. The current?–?voltage characteristic of the device has a very sharp increase at low threshold voltage (5?V). A high carrier mobility of 1.8×10‐2 was observed in the smectic phase of one of the compounds studied (e). 相似文献
846.
Toshiaki Masuda Tetsuo Aida Naomichi Furukawa Shigeru Oae 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(3):429-434
Abstract The reaction of sulfimides with hydroxide ion in methanol gave the corresponding sulfoxide (the solvolysis product) and/or the corresponding α-methoxysulfide (the Pummerer type product). The pseudo first order rates for the solvolysis reaction and the Pummerer type reaction were determined using a large excess of potassium hydroxide. The rates of the solvolyses are correlated with [sgrave] values and the values of ρ X = +1.2 and ρ Y = +0.8 were obtained for aryl methyl N-aryl-sulfonylsulfimides (p-XC6H4S(NSO2C6H4Y-p)CH3), and both the activation enthalpy and entropy calculated are δH≠ = 18.8 kcal mol?1 and δS≠ = –23.9 e.u. (PhS(NSO2C6H4CH3-p)CH3), respectively. Hammett correlation with [sgrave] values for the Pummerer type reaction gave ρz = +2.0 for N-aryl-sulfonyltetramethylenesulfimides ((CH2)4SNSO2C6H4Z-p), and the activation enthalpy and entropy are δH≠ = 27.9 kcal mol?1 and δS≠ = +13.3 eu ((CH2)4SNSO2C6H4CH3-p), respectively. All these observations suggest that the solvolysis reaction proceeds via the initial nucleophilic attack of hydroxide ion on the sulfur atom of the sulfimide namely via an S N 2 process at the sulfur atom whereas the Pummerer type reaction proceeds by way of the E 1cb mechanism. 相似文献
847.
The rotational isomerism of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE, CH2ClCH2Cl) adsorbed on Pt(111) was studied in the temperature range of 35-100 K using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and metastable atom electron spectroscopy. In the coverage below monolayer the physisorbed and chemisorbed species coexist at 35 K in the gauche and slightly distorted trans form, respectively. Owing to the direct Pt-Cl interactions, the nonbonding Cl 3p states of the chemisorbed DCE are split off, giving rise to degradation in symmetry from the pure trans form (C2h). The physisorbed gauche conformers are arranged with the C2 axis parallel (or heavily tilted) to the substrate and converted irreversibly to the pseudo-trans form by heating at 70 K. In the multilayer, the trans and gauche conformers exist at 35 K, where the former population is increased with increasing layer thickness. Upon annealing the bilayer at 80 K, the irreversible conversion takes place to yield a higher population of the gauche conformer in the topmost layer. The conformational stabilities and mutual changes of DCE adsorbed on a metal surface are discussed in terms of intramolecular rotational potential. 相似文献
848.
We have previously reported a highly sensitive method for the measurement of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activities in rat erythrocytes with norepinephrine (NE), an endogenous native substrate, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence or peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reaction detection. Applying this method to COMT activities in rat liver and kidney, known to have the highest activities of all organs, the optimum reaction conditions were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, soluble (S)-COMT and membrane-bound (MB)-COMT activities in rat liver, with NE as a substrate, were 2.17 +/- 0.33 and 0.16 +/- 0.02 nmol/min/mg protein (n = 5), respectively. In rat kidney, S-COMT and MB-COMT activities were 1.81 +/- 0.20 and 0.079 +/- 0.009 nmol/min/mg protein (n = 5), respectively. Since liver and kidney play important roles in inactivating catecholamines, using the proposed method would yield critical information to delineate the role of metabolism of catecholamines in rat tissues. 相似文献
849.
The lithium nickel vanadate (LiNiVO4) cathode material has been synthesized by using sol-gel method. The thermal behavior of the material has been examined by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The structure of LiNiVO4 compound has been studied by the Rietveld refined x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 0.79 m2 g?1 was estimated with N2 absorption characteristics. The synthesized powder morphology was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies of synthesized LiNiVO4 powder indicate that the oxidation states of nickel and vanadate are +2 and +5, respectively. The electrochemical properties were monitored using 2032 coin cells by cyclic voltammetry and EIS, which showed that the microscopic structural features were deeply related with the electrochemical performance. 相似文献
850.
Dr. Ryoichi Kanega Erika Ishida Dr. Takaaki Sakai Dr. Naoya Onishi Dr. Akira Yamamoto Hiroki Yasumura Prof. Dr. Hisao Yoshida Hajime Kawanami Dr. Yuichiro Himeda Dr. Yukari Sato Dr. Akihiro Ohira 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(47):e202310976
For the application of CO2 as an energy storage material, a H2 storage system has been proposed based on the interconversion of CO2 and formic acid (or formate). However, energy losses are inevitable in the conversion of electrical energy to H2 as chemical energy (≈70 % electrical efficiency) and H2 to electrical energy (≈40 % electrical efficiency). To overcome these significant energy losses, we developed a system based on the interconversion of CO2 and formate for the direct storage and generation of electricity. In this paper, we report an aqueous redox flow battery system using homogeneous Ir catalysts with CO2-formate redox pair. The system exhibited a maximum discharge capacity of 10.5 mAh (1.5 Ah L−1), capacity decay of 0.2 % per cycle, and total turnover number of 2550 after 50 cycles. During charging-discharging, in situ fluorescence X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy based on an online setup indicated that the active species was in a high valence state of IrIV. 相似文献